IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF SQUALENE AS AN ADJUVANT.

Vaccination is a public health measure intended to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases. Just few years ago, the term "adjuvant" was officially linked to vaccine and plays a key role in boosting immunogenicity. Squalene as adjuvant of vaccine enhances antigen-specific immune responses and expand coverage through dose sparing reducing amount of vaccine usage. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible immunohistochemical activity of cell proliferation and histopathological effects of squalene as an adjuvant of the spleen. Albino rats were injected with two doses of squalene (AS03) at interval three weeks between them. Results obtained in the present study showed that squalene as adjuvant contributed to magnification of immune response, exemplified by increasing proliferating cell nuclear antigen in immune cells. Squaleneoverstimulates the splenic tissue where they direct the type, magnitude and quality of the adaptive immune response, rather than some histopathological observations. Long period group has adverse events that showed slowly recovery after the squalene treatment.