STUDY OF RISK ABERRANT OF TYPE-2 DIABETES - CURRENT APPROACHES FOR CARE AND CONTROL.

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally and has reached epidemic proportions in many countries. Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder resulting from an interaction between genes and environment. Several risk factors for type 2 diabetes have been identified, including age, sex, obesity and central obesity, low physical activity, smoking, diet including low amount of fiber and high amount of saturated fat, ethnicity, family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, history of the non-diabetic elevation of fasting or 2-h glucose, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and different drug treatments. It occurs due to ?- cell dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes and its complications constitute a major worldwide public health problem, affecting almost all populations in both developed and developing countries with high rates of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing exponentially, and a high prevalence rate has been observed in developing countries. Multiple risk factors of diabetes, delayed diagnosis until micro- and macro-vascular complications arise, life-threatening complications, failure of the current therapies, and financial costs for the treatment of this disease, make it necessary to develop new efficient strategies and appropriate prevention measures for the control of type 2 diabetes. In our current understanding about the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, the roles of genes, lifestyle and other factors contributing to rapid increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The core aims are to bring forward the new strategies for care and control type 2 diabetes.