18Feb 2017

EVALUATION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN TYPE 2 DIABETICPALESTINIAN PATIENTS FROM THE GAZA STRIP.

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Background and Objective:Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders associated with increased oxidative stress and free radical production that play important roles in diabetic pathogenesis and complications. The present study was aimed to evaluate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with normal healthy individuals. Material and Method:Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes: Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione- S -transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid profiles were determined in 40 males of type 2 diabetic patients, in addition to 10 males of healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Descriptive, statistical comparisons, and correlations were performed using the SPSS program, significance was considered when P value < 0.05 Results:The MDA, GR, and GSTconcentrations were significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients compared with the healthy controls group. While significant reduction in the activities of GSH and GSH-Px were reported in type 2 diabetic patients compared with the healthy controls group. Significant positive correlations between oxidative stress status (MDA and GST) and lipid profiles (especially total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride and VLDL-C) were found in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion:Our study revealed an increase lipid peroxidation coupled with decrease antioxidant enzymes in type 2 diabeticPalestinian patients from the Gaza Strip.


    1. Bagust A, Hopkinson PK, Maier W, Currie CJ. An economic model of the long-term health care burden of type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia, 2001; 44: 2140-2155.
    2. Ballatori N, Krance SM, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, Hammond CL. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases,2009 ;390(3):191-214.
    3. Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of complication in diabetes.Diabetes,1991;40: 405—412.
    4. Beaudeux JL, Guillausseau PJ, Peynet J, Flourie F, Assayag M, Tielmans D, Warnet A, Rousselet F. Enhanced susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to in vitro oxidation in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. ClinChimActa, 1995; 239: 131-41.
    5. Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly MB. J. Lab Clin. Med, 1963; 61: 882.
    6. Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Bastard JP, Jaudon MC, Delattre J. Consequences of the diabetic status on the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Diabetes Metabolism, 2000; 26 : 163—176.
    7. Bray GA. Overweight is risking factor: definition, classification, prevalence, and risk. N. Y. Acad. Sci,1987; 499: 14-28.
    8. Bunn HG, Gabby KH, Gallop PM. The glycosylation of hemoglobin: relevance to diabetes mellitus. Science, 1978; 200: 21–27.
    9. Courderot-Masuyer C., Lahet J. J., Verges B., Brun J. M., Rochette L. Ascorbylfree radical release in diabetic patients. Mol. Biol, 2000; 46 : 1397—1401.
    10. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Byrd-Holt DD, Eberhadt MS, Flegal KM, Engelgau MM, Saydah SH, Williams DE,  Geiss LS, Gregg EW.Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adults in the U.S. Population. Diabetes Care, 2006; 29:1263–1268.
    11. Duvillard L, Pont F, Florentin E, Galland-Jos C,Gambert P, Verges B. Metabolic abnormalities ofapolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in noninsulin-dependent diabetes: a stable isotope kineticstudy. Eur J Clin Invest, 2000; 30: 685-94.
    12. ExpertCommittee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes Care, 1997; 20: 1183–1197. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183
    13. The American Diabetes Association.Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 1997;20:1183-1197. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183
    14. The American Diabetes Association.Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes Care, 2003; 26: s5-s20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S5
    15. Friedewald W, Levy R, Fredrickson D. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein in plasma, without use of the preparative ultra-centrifuge.Clin Chem,1972; 18:499-502.
    16. Goldberg DM. & Spooner RJ in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyen, H.V. Ed.)VerlogChemie, Deerfield beach,1983; 3: 258 – 265.
    17. Goldstein DE, Little RA, Lorenz JI, Malone D, Nathan CM. Petreson, Sacks DB.Tests of glycemia in diabetes.Diabetes care, 2004 ; 27(7)1761-1773.
    18. Griesmacher A, Kindhauser M, Andert SE, Schreiner W, Toma C, Knoebl P, Pietschmann P, PragerR, SchnackCh ,Schemthaner G, Mueller. Enhanced serum levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances in diabetes mellitus. Am J Med,1995; 98: 469-75.
    19. Gupta BL, Nehal M, Baquer NZ: Effect of experimental diabetes on the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase and catecholamines in rat erythrocytes of different ages. Indian J ExpBiol,1997; 35: 792–795.
    20. Habig W and Pabst M Jakoby WJ .Biol .Chem,1974 ; 249: 7130 – 7139.
    21. Hansel B, Giral P, Nobecourt E, Chantepie S, Bruckert E, Chapman MJ, KontushA.Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated oxidative stress and dysfunctional dense high-density lipoprotein particles displaying impaired antioxidative activity. J ClinEndocrinolMetab, 2004; 89: 4963-71.
    22. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus.J Lipid Res, 1987; 28: 613-28.
    23. Inouye M, Moi T, Sumino K. Link between glycation and lipoxidation in red blood cells in diabetes. Chim.Acta,1999; 285 : 35—44.
    24. Jain SK, Robert M, John D, John JH: Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. Diabetes, 1989; 38: 1539–1543.
    25. Johansen JS, Harris AK, Rychly DJ, Ergul A. Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice. CardiovascDiabetol,2005;4:5.
    26. Kastelein JJ, Ordovas JM, Wittekoek ME, Pimstone SN, Wilson WF, Gagne SE, Larson MG, Schaefer EJ, Boer JM, Gerdes C, Hayden MR. Two common mutations (D9N, N291S) in lipoprotein lipase: a cumulative analysis of their influence on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men and women. Clin Genet,1999; 56: 297-305.
    27. Klein R. Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes.Diabetes Care, 1995 18: 258–268.
    28. Krauss RM, Siri PW. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes.Med Clin North Am, 2004; 88: 897-909.
    29. Kumawat M, Singh N, and Singh S. Status of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy. Annals of Neurosciences, 2005; 12: 49–52.
    30. Lamarche B, Despres JP, Moorjani S, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Lupien PJ. Triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol as risk factors for ischemic heart disease.Results from the Quebec cardiovascular study.Atherosclerosis, 1996; 119: 235-45.
    31. Lin Y, Sun Z. Current views on type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol, 2010; 204:1-11.
    32. Livingstone C. and Davis J. Review: targeting therapeutics against glutathione depletion in diabetes and its complications. British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 2007; 7: 258–265.
    33. Maddux BA, See W, Lawrence JC, Goldfine AL, Goldfine D, Evans JL. Protection against oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 muscle cells by micromolar concentrations of ?-lipoic acid. Diabetes, 2001; 50:404–410.
    34. Mahboob M, Shireen K, Atkinson A, Khan A. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in different organs of mice exposed to low level of mercury. J Environ Sci. Health, B.2001; 36: 687-97.
    35. Matsuoka T, Kajimoto Y, Watada H, KanetoH, Kishimoto M, Umayahara Y, FujitaniY, Kamada T, Kawamori R, Yamasaki Y. Glycation-dependent, reactive oxygen species-mediated suppression of the insulin gene promoter activity in HIT cells. Clin. Invest,1997; 99:144–150.
    36. Ozdemir G, Ozden M, Maral H, Kuskay S, CetilapP,Turkun I. Malondialdehyde, Glutathione peroxidase andhomocysteine level in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria. Ann ClinBiochem, 2005; 42:99-104.
    37. Paglia DE and Valentine WNJ. Clin. Med,1967 ;70: 158 – 169.
    38. Palanduz S, Ademo?lu E, Gökku?u C, Tamer S. Plasma antioxidants and type 2 DM. Res. Commun. MolPatholPharmacol,2001 ; 109: 309-18.
    39. Pasaoglu H, Sancak B, Neslihan B. Lipid peroxidationand resistance to oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus. Tohoku J Exp Med,2004; 203: 211-8.
    40. Rahbani-Nobar M. E, Rahimi-Pour A , and RahbaniNobar M. Total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic patients. Medical Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences, 1999; 12: 109–114.
    41. Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications.Biomed Pharmacother, 2005;59:365–73.
    42. Rudich A, Tirosh A, PotashnikR, Hemi R, Kanety H, Bashan N. Prolonged oxidative stress impairs insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes, 1998; 47:1562–1569.
    43. Satoh K , Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. ClinicaChimicaActa,1978 ; 90, 37.
    44. Sheela GL, Augusti KT: Antidiabetic effect of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum L. Indian J ExpBiol, 1992; 30: 523–526.
    45. Taskinen MR. Quantitative and qualitative 66 lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.Diabetes,1992; 41(Suppl 2): 12-7.
    46. West IC. Radicals and oxidative stress in diabetes.Diabet Med, 2000; 17:171-80.
    47. World Health Organization Fact Sheet #312: Diabetes Atlas, 4th edition, International Diabetes Federation, 2009. 1. 1. 2. Available at: (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/). Accessed month November 2008.
    48. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas ....Diabetes Fact Sheet, WHO, November 2008. (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/). Diabetes Atlas, 4th edition, International Diabetes Federation, 1. 1. 1. 2.
    49. Yoshino G, Hirano T, Kazumi T. Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes ResClinPract, 1996; 33: 1-14.

[Ali Abdel-Alaa, Mahmoud Sirdah, Eman A. Abd El-Ghffar and Asmaa S. Abughali. (2017); EVALUATION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN TYPE 2 DIABETICPALESTINIAN PATIENTS FROM THE GAZA STRIP. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (Feb). 87-93] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


asmaa sufian abughali
Laboratories and blood bank

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/3118      
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/3118