Molecular Phylogenetic analysis of Bufo arabicus (Duttaphrynus arabicus) in Saudi Arabia: according to mitochondrial DNA control region

We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of Bufo arabicus (Duttaphrynus arabicus)from the Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia, according to mitochondrial DNA (D-Loop). Samples were collected from toes and prepared for mitochondrial DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction using the suitable primers. The products were sequenced using ABI Prism Big-dye. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using DnaSP. V.5 version and maximum likelihood tree were constructed using MEGA 6. There were high polymorphic sites among the two species with high diversity of haplotypes. Nucleotide diversity of Bufo arabicus from Abha region was the highest population. Tajima’s D test showed significant results from neutrality for all Bufo arabicus populations with P? 0.05. Fu’s Fs was positive for the whole population and positive for the separated regional populations supported the allele deficiency due to recent population bottleneck or over-dominant selection without gene flow resulting in their endemism habitat as in Tihama region.