10Jul 2018

MATERNAL OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT HOMEOSTASIS DURING NORMOTENSIVE AND PRE-ECLAMPTIC PREGNANCY.

  • Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
  • Medical Biochemistry.
  • Faculty of Medicine Benha and Tanta Universities.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Objectives: To evaluate changes in oxidant milieu in normotensive pregnant women (No PE) and those who developed pre-eclampsia (PE) and to define a relation between these changes and PE development. Patients & Methods: All pregnant women gave three blood samples at 12th week (S1) gestational age, start of 3rd trimester (S2) and 48-hr postpartum (S3) for spectrophotometeric estimation of serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid (UA), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activity. Control group included a similar number of non-pregnant women. Blood pressures were estimated at 1st visit and monthly for diagnosis of PE. Results: 65 pregnant women developed PE; 54 had mild and 11 had severe PE; while 19 women developed early and 46 late PE. Sample S1 levels showed non-significant differences between all study participants. S2 serum MDA levels were significantly higher in pregnant women than their S1 and control levels and in PE versus No PE women. S2 serum UA levels were significantly higher in PE women than their S1, control and corresponding levels in No PE women. S2 serum SOD and GPx activity was significantly lower in PE women than their S1, control and corresponding measures in No PE women. Serum GR and catalase activities were significantly lower in S2 samples of pregnant women than their S1 and control activities with significantly lower activity in No PE women. S3 serum levels of MDA and UA were decreased and activities of antioxidant enzymes were adjusted in S3 sample than in S2 sample, but with significant difference between PE and No PE women. Statistical analysis defined serum MDA at ?13.2±0.128 µmole/L and GPx activity at ?450 U/L as risk cutoff point for PE development. Conclusion: Pregnancy is stressful condition associated with activation of oxidative stress (OS) and overproduction of oxidative products and disturbed activity of antioxidant enzymes. Exaggerated OS compromises placental functions and induces development of hypertensive manifestations. Elevated serum MDA and GPx enzyme activity could predict the progression for development of PE especially the late-onset type.

  1. Cheng SB, Sharma S: Interleukin-10: a pleiotropic regulator in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015; 73(6):487-500.
  2. D'Souza V, Rani A, Patil V, Pisal H, Randhir K, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Gupte S, Joshi S: Increased oxidative stress from early pregnancy in women who develop preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2016;38(2):225-32.
  3. Phipps E,?Prasanna D,?Brima W,?Jim B: Preeclampsia: Updates in Pathogenesis, Definitions, and Guidelines. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.?2016; 11(6):1102-13.
  4. Bambrana V, Dayanand CD, Kotur P: relationship between xanthine oxidase, ischemia modified albumin, nitric oxide with antioxidants in non pregnants, pre and post-delivery of normal pregnants and preeclampsia. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2017; 32(2):171-8.
  5. Jur?nek I, Nikitovic D, Kouretas D, Hayes AW, Tsatsakis AM: Biological importance of reactive oxygen species in relation to difficulties of treating pathologies involving oxidative stress by exogenous antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 61:240-7.
  6. Preiser JC: Oxidative stress. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012; 36(2):147-54.
  7. Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM: Harmful and Beneficial Role of ROS. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016:7909186.
  8. Signorini L, Granata S, Lupo A, Zaza G: Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(7). pii: E1481. doi: 10.3390/ijms18071481.
  9. Sultana Z, Maiti K, Aitken J, Morris J, Dedman L, Smith R: Oxidative stress, placental ageing-related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017 May;77(5). doi: 10.1111/aji.12653.
  10. Puca AA, Carrizzo A, Villa F, Ferrario A, Casaburo M, Maciąg A, Vecchione C: Vascular ageing: the role of oxidative stress. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013; 45(3):556-9.
  11. Matsubara K, Higaki T, Matsubara Y, Nawa A: Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(3):4600-14.
  12. Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y, Xu WM: Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016; 76(4):258-71.
  13. Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y: Oxidative Stress in Placenta: Health and Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015: 293271.
  14. Gifford RW, August PA, Cunningham FG: Report of the national high blood pressure working group on research on hypertension in pregnancy. Am. J Obstet. Gynecol., 2000; 183:S1?22.
  15. Lenfant C; National Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Working group report on high blood pressure in pregnancy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2001; 3(2):75-88.
  16. Practice Bulletin No. 33: Diagnosis and management of preeclamp?sia and eclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002; 99: 159?67
  17. Buege JA, Aust SD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1978; 52:302?10.
  18. Trivedi RC, Rebar L, Berta E, Stong L. New enzymatic method for serum uric acid at 500 nm. Clin Chem. 1978; 24(11):1908?11.
  19. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J Biochem Biophys., 1984; 21(2): 130-2.
  20. Mavis RD, Stellwagen E. Purification and subunit structure of glutathione reductase from bakers? yeast. J Biol Chem., 1968; 243(4): 809-14.
  21. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121?6.
  22. Namdev S, Bhat V, Adhisivam B, Zachariah B: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status among neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia and their early outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014; 27(14):1481-4.
  23. Bakacak M, Kılın? M, Serin S, Ercan ?, K?st? B, Avcı F, Kıran H, Kıran G: changes in copper, zinc, and malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activities in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21:2414-20.
  24. Bernardi FC, Vuolo F, Petronilho F, Michels M, Ritter C, Dal-Pizzol F: Plasma nitric oxide, endothelin-1, arginase and superoxide dismutase in the plasma and placentae from preeclamptic patients. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2015; 87(2):713-9.
  25. Elmas O, Elmas O, Aliciguzel Y, Simsek T: The relationship between hypertension and plasma allantoin, uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity and nitrite, and their predictive capacity in severe preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016; 36(1):34-8.
  26. Shastri L, Pammal RS, Mani I, Thomas T, Kurpad AV: Oxidative stress during early pregnancy and birth outcomes. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Dec;19(17):3210-3215.
  27. Pourghassem Gargari B, Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi F, Sadien B, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Farzadi L: Vitamin D Status Is Related to Oxidative Stress But Not High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Women with Pre-Eclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2016; 81(4):308-14.
  28. Barneo-Caragol C, Mart?nez-Morillo E, Rodr?guez-Gonz?lez S, Lequerica-Fern?ndez P, Vega-Naredo I, ?lvarez Men?ndez FV: Strontium and oxidative stress in normal pregnancy. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2018; 45:57-63.
  29. Atiba AS, Abbiyesuku FM, Adekanle DA, Oparinde DP, Ajose OA, Niran-Atiba TA: Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes in second and third trimesters of pre-eclamptic Nigerian women. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2014; 21(2):150-4.
  30. Roberts JM, Hubel CA. Is oxidative stress the link in the two-stage model of pre-eclampsia? The Lancet. 1999; 354:788?9.
  31. Roberts JM, Hubel CA. Oxidative stress in preeclampsia. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2004; 190:1177?8.
  32. Burton G, Yung H-W, Cindrova-Davies T, Charnock-Jones D. Placental endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of unexplained intrauterine growth restriction and early onset preeclampsia. Placenta. 2009; 30:43?8.
  33. Vigil-De Gracia P: HELLP syndrome. Ginecol Obstet Mex.?2015; 83(1):48-57.
  34. Atiba AS, Abbiyesuku FM, Oparinde DP, 'Niran-Atiba TA, Akindele RA: Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA): An Indication of Liver Damage in Women with Pre-Eclamsia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2016; 26(5):479-486.

[Ehab Barakat MD, Ahmed M Hagras MD and Adel Al - Kholy MD. (2018); MATERNAL OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT HOMEOSTASIS DURING NORMOTENSIVE AND PRE-ECLAMPTIC PREGNANCY. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Jul). 30-38] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Ehab Barakat
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/7332      
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/7332

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 19 | No. of Views: 88