SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CANINE ORAL TUMORS.

K. Jagan Mohan Reddy, V. Gireesh Kumar and K. B. P. Raghavender. Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Five male dogs with age ranging from 5 -9 years, and different breeds viz., Labrador, St. Bernard, Spitz, GSD and Mongrel one each presented to the Department of Surgery and Radiology, CVSc, Rajendranagar, PVNR TVU with a history of difficulty in eating food, after oral examination, tumor mass in the mouth was identified, Oral radiographs did not show clear borders of the mass.Clinically and macroscopically, the mass was painful and had a nodular appearance and was reddish whitein color with varying size of length ranging from 5cm -12cm and width ranging from 5cm -3cm. After surgical resection of the tumor mass, Histopathologic examination of the mass in all dogs revealed that the tumors were of malignant nature, Ameloblastoma (Laborador), Fibrous Histocytoma (St.Bernard), and others Squamous cell carcinoma. Reoccurrence of tumor growth after 30 day to 60 days was noticed. Further surgical resection was taken up to facilitate for easy passage of food while eating. Four dogs died after span of 3-4 months except one mongrel dog survived without any reoccurrence.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-
Oral tumors arise from the gingiva, buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, tongue, tonsils, or dental elements. Oral cavity is the 4th most common site in dogs and cats for occurance of tumors. Oral tumors 5% in dogs and 7% in cats are malignant tumors, Malignant oral tumors are higher relative risk of occurring in male than in female dogs as reported by Harvey H J (1985).Metastasis occurs by lymphatics or blood to the regional lymph nodes and lungs.The most common oral malignancies in dogs are melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and fibrosarcomas as reported by Harvey H J (1985). Wide surgical excision of the tumor along with adjuvant therapy.Fossum T.W. (2013) Clinical Signs:-Oral tumor cases in five dogs aged between 5-9 years in different breeds are Clinically and macroscopically, the mass had a nodular appearance and was reddish whitein color with varying size of length ranging from 5cm -12cm and width ranging from 5cm -3cm, in St.Bernard dog, the growth at the junction of hard and soft palate (

Materials And Methods:-
All the Five male dogs with age ranging from 5 -9 years, and different breeds viz., Labrador, St. Bernard, Spitz, GSD and Mongrel were done oral examination and clinical parameters like Complete Blood Pictures were obtained, and the Aspiration/biopsy of the oral mass was done to diagnose the type of tumor mass. Radiography of the skull to determine the degree of bone invasion to assist in surgical planning and Thoracic radiography for ruling out for metastatic lesions in lungs. The dogs were selected for surgical resection of the tumor mass under with standard surgical procedure under general anaesthesia (Fig.5 to Fig. 8) and post operatively supported the dogs with antibiotics and NSAIDS along with regular cleaning and antiseptic dressing. The resected tumor mass sent for histopathological examination.  (Fig11 & Fig.12) and in others Squamous cell carcinoma (Fig.13 & Fig.14

Discussion:-
Oral tumors in canines frequently go unnoticed-reaches an advanced stage of development, an accurate assessment of the nature and extent of the condition is needed as reported by Verstrate (2005). Survival age after surgery observed in our cases were 4 months, similar observations for Survival age after surgery ranging from 4.6 to 26 months were reported by John Berg (1998).
Type and reoccurrence shows the high degree of invasiveness and high metastatic propensity, Squamous cell carcinoma tumors occur on the gingiva, lip, tongue, or tonsil. The masses are red, friable, vascular, and sometimes ulcerated as in present study Most tumors-rostral oropharynx are locally invasive, often invading bone and having a low metastatic potential, Caudal oropharynx tend to be more infiltrative and metastasize more rapidly. Canine gingival squamous cell carcinoma is highly invasive and osteolytic but has a low rate of metastasis. Wide resection is recommended Fossum T.W. (2013) Most fibrosarcomas are poorly responsive to chemotherapy and Osteosarcomas-10% of canine mandibular and maxillary tumors-locally aggressive and have a high metastatic potential. General anesthesia is necessary to define the extent of disease.Fibrosarcomas are found primarily in dogs. Similar observations like Oral and/or mucosal 1194 melanoma -malignant tumor with a high degree of local invasiveness and high metastatic propensity were made by Bergman (2007).
They most commonly occur on the maxillary gingiva and hard palate and appear as pink-red, firm, smooth, multilobulated masses that often are attached to underlying tissue. Local infiltration with bony involvement is common, but distant metastasis is uncommon. Local recurrence is, high with any treatment; Wide surgical excision is performed as recommended wide surgical resection, partial maxillectomy/ mandibulectomy/ tonsillectomy/or glossectomy by John Berg (1998).
Regional lymph nodes should be evaluated for evidence of enlargement, nodularity, and adherence to surrounding tissue.The thoracic radiographs will be helpful to rule out pulmonary metastasis and concurrent pulmonary or cardiovascular disease. Fossum T.W. (2013)

Conclusion:-
Histopathology of tumors shows -Ameloblastoma (Laborador), Fibrous Histocytoma (St.Bernard), and in others Squamous cell carcinoma. Reoccurrence of tumour growth after 30 day to 60 days was noticed. Surgical resection was taken up to facilitate for easy passage of food while eating. Four dogs died after span of 4 months except one mongrel dog survived without any reoccurrence. Oral tumours frequently go unnoticed by the animal's owner until the tumour reaches an advanced stage of development. It is important to examine regularly the oral cavity of dogs and cats for detection of tumours for their early diagnosis.