A STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCTION OF PAIN LEVEL BETWEEN SIMPLE INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION AND PRO-SAFETY INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION.

Sachi J. Christian 1 and Anil Sharma 2 . 1. M.sc. Nursing, manikaka topawala institute of nursing –charusat, changa, ta. Petlad, dist. – anand, gujarat388421.india. 2. Principal and hod of medical surgical nursing, manikaka topawala institute of nursing –charusat, changa, ta. Petlad, dist. – anand, gujarat388421.india. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 16 October 2018 Final Accepted: 18 November 2018 Published: December 2018

The word pain is derived from the Latin word 'poena' which means punishment, which in turn derived from the Sanskrit root 'pu' meaning purification. Pain is complex, multidimensional experience. A study to compare the effectiveness in reduction of pain level between simple intravenous cannulation and pro-safety intravenous cannulation. The study was conducted at selected hospitals of Anand district, Gujarat. A sample of 60 patients were selected using Non probability purposive sampling technique and randomly assigned into two groups. A Numerical rating scale was used by the investigator for data collection. The findings of the study illustrate that in simple IV cannula majority of the participants 25 ( 83.3%) were having moderate pain, 5 (16.7%) were having mild pain and the mean pain score is 4.3. In pro safety IV cannulation majority of the participants 24 ( 80%) were having mild pain, only 6 (20%) were having moderate pain and mean pain score is 2.67. Unpaired t calculated value is 6.49 *p<0.05 is significant at 0.05% level. This indicates that the pro safety IV cannulation is effective in reducing pain compare to simple IV cannulation. Calculated chi square value was less than the chi square tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance for all the selected demographic variables, hence it conclude that there is no significant association between simple IV cannulation and pro safety IV cannulation pain and demographic variables of selected patients.
The word pain is derived from the latin word "poena" which means punishment, which in turn derived from the Sanskrit root "pu" meaning puification. The international association for the study of pain defines, "pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, are described in terms of such damage". It further states that, "pain is subjective. 1 Pain is a complex, multidimensional experience. 2 ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(12), 894-899 895 Peripheral veins are the most common intravenous access method in both hospitals and paramedic services for a peripheral intravenous cannulation for intravenous therapy. 3 Evidence has demonstrated that pain from IV cannulation is a significant source of adult pain and distress with effects far more reaching than the presenting event. When describing worse pain experiences in hospitalized adult, IV cannulation pain was found second reason in hospitalized patient. It is important to mitigate or decrease adult IV cannulation pain and distress in hospitalized patients. 4 Need for the study Pain is considered as 5 th vital sign in initial assessment of patients during hospitalization. Pain is a universal human experience and it is significant fear of most of the patient. The fear of pain is ranked only second to the fear of death. For some it is minor inconvenience, for others it is major problem that causes suffering and reduces quality of life. And thus pain of IV cannulation interferes with the actual pain and problem of patient which may require the prompt treatment.
According to a report in 2006, there were 503,300 hospital stays with IV cannulated patients and noted an increase of nearly 80% since 1993. More than 90% of the patients had IV cannula in general ward, and in post operative ward 100 % of patients had IV cannula line. In comparison, 56.5% of male patients and rest of them were female and children. The cross sectional study results shows that complication of phlebitis rates reported for patients receiving intravenous therapy have been as high as 80%. Other complications resulting from intravenous cannulation include thrombophlebitis, extravasations, and infection resulting from bacteraemia and septicaemia. 5

Problem statement
A study to compare the effectiveness in reduction of pain level between simple intravenous cannulation and prosafety intravenous cannulation.
Objectives of the study 1. To assess the pain level among patients undergoing intravenous cannulation with simple IV cannula. 2. To assess the pain level among patients undergoing intravenous cannulation with pro safety IV cannula. 3. To compare the effect of simple IV cannula and pro safety cannula on pain level. 4. To determine the association between pain level and demographic variables of selected patients.
Hypothesis H 0 -There will no significant relationship between types of I.V. cannulation and pain level score at 0.05 level of significance.

The Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study is based on modified General System theory by Ludwig Von Bertanlanffy (1968).

Research Methodology:-
A quantitative research approach with True Experimental design was used for the study. Research study was conducted on May 2018 at selected hospitals of Gujarat state. A sample of 60 patients were selected using Non probability purposive sampling technique and samples are assigned using simple random technique for Simple IV cannula and Pro safety IV cannula.

Tools:
The tool consisted of three sections.

Sectiona:
This section includes assessing Socio-demographic age, gender, family income, site of cannula insertion, size of cannula, number of prick, total number of hospital admission.

Sectionb:
This section includes A Numerical Rating Scale was used to assess the pain level of patients and its shows the rating scale according to the pain level.

Results And Interpretations:-
Analysis and interpretation of the data collected from 60 patients who underwent IV cannulation, to compare the effectiveness in reduction of pain level between simple intravenous cannulation and pro-safety intravenous cannulation. The data analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Comparison of pain score of simple IV cannula and Pro safety IV cannula in patients undergoing IV cannulation
In order to compare the pain score of simple IV cannula and Pro safety IV cannula in patients undergoing IV cannulation unpaired T test was used. The mean difference in pain score of simple IV cannula is higher than the mean difference in pain score of Pro safety IV cannula (4.3>2.67). The above results indicates that the pro safety IV cannulation is effective in reducing pain compare to simple IV cannulation. Hence null hypothesis H 0 was rejected.  Table II. b, shows that the calculated chi square value was less than the chi square tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance for most of the selected demographic variables like age, family income, size of cannula, location of cannula attempt, Total number of days of hospital admission and total number of attempt for IV cannulation.
Whereas it was found that it is associated with gender.