STUDY ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY OF SINGODA RIVER, KODINAR GUJARAT, INDIA

Nikul B. Chavada 1. Dr. Kiran C. Deshmukh 2 and P. N. C 3 . 1. Department of Microbiology,Somnath science collge-kodinar. 2. P.H.G. municipal Arts and Science college-Kalol (N.G.) 3. Prakruti Nature clube-kodinar (N.G.O). ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Plankton form complex biotic communities which are functionally as diverse and show the same richness of interaction as terrestrial communities. Plankton is defined by their ecological niche rather than their phylogenetic or taxonomic classification. They provide a crucial source of food to larger, more familiar aquatic organisms such as fish.
The zooplankton is divided into two groups. Temporary plankton consists of planktonic eggs and larvae of members of the benthos and nekton, permanent plankton includes all animals that live their complete life cycles in a floating state and the temporary plankton particularly abundant in coastal areas, it is characteristically seasonal in occurrence, though variations in spawning time of different species ensure its presence in all seasons. They are absent in fresh water. The ciliate protozoans are represented mainly by the tintinnids, which are between 20 and 640 microns in size and sometimes occur in vast numbers. Oysters, mussels, other marine bivalves and snails begin life as planktonic larvae. The wing snails (Pteropoda) spend their entire life cycles as plankton.
Crustaceans are the most important members of the zooplankton. They are the marine counterparts of insects on land as in the sea, the arthropods are the most diverse and numerous of all animal phyla. The copepod Calaanuslinmarchicus is important as food for the herring, and the euphausiid Euphausia superba, commonly known ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(4), 1691-1698 1692 as krill, is the main food source for blue and fin whales in the Antarctic Ocean. These whales, particularly blue and finback whales, migrate to waters where spawning of these crustaceans occurs; and the rapid growth of these large mammals, feeding entirely on plankton.
In present study we selected Singoda River of Kodinar taluka, Gir-somnath district, Singoda is most important and very useful river in kodinar taluka. River water is utilize for many proposed for irrigation and cultivation of fish in river check dam water. We selected 11 abiotic parameters for investigation and studied their impact on Zooplankton diversity of river water. We selected two points for river water sampling and studied their Physico-chemical and plankton diversity during pre, middle and post winter during 2015-2016.

Materials and Method:-
Sample collection site of Hukal River:-Singoda River is Valuable River of kodinar taluka,We selected two points for water sample collection, we collected 5 liter sample for physicochemical analysis approximately less than 2 feet of river water. Time and temperature measured during sampling and transferred all sample as soon as possible to laboratory for study further testing. We collected all samples during winter time and temperature range between 25 to 30 0 C.

Sample collection for Zooplankton Analysis:-
Collected 1 liter river water sample from two collection site with Plankton net (0.20 microne) . After collection of river water samples it's transferred as soon as possible to laboratory for Analysis. Add 4% formalin solution and stay it for 48 hrs, after incubation time period drop count Method is used for identified plankton diversity.

Physico-chemical parameters:-Color:-
Color in water may result from the presence of natural metallic ions (iron & manganese) humus and pit materials, planktons, weeds.
Apparent color is determined on the original sample with thought filtration or centrifugation by Visual comparison method. We took water sample in clean test-tubes and visualize it that river water is clear or not.

Turbidity:-
The term "turbid" is applied to water containing suspended matter that interferes with the passage of light through to water. The turbidity in water is caused by suspended and colloidal matter such as clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic matter and microscopic organisms.
Turbidity is an expression of optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted.
Odor:-Odor can measure by simple nose smell testing. pH:-pH is a term used rather universally to express the intensity of the acid or alkaline conditions of a solution. It is a way of expressing the hydrogen ion concentration.
Acidity: Acidity of water is it's quantity with strong base to a designated PH. Strong mineral acids, weak acid and hydrolyzing salts such as iron or aluminum sulfates may contribute to the measure acidity according to the method of determination. Acid contribute to the corrosiveness and influence chemical reactions and biological processes. Alkalinity: The alkalinity of water is a measure of its capacity to neutralize acids. The major portion of the alkalinity in natural water is caused by three major classes of materials: 1) Hydroxides 2) carbonates 3) bicarbonates.
Auto PH meter is used for taking pH of river water sample.

Conductivity:-
Conductivity meter instrument is use for measuring conductivity of water sample.

Estimation of Total solid (T.S.):-
Porcelain dish is used for this method; Heat it for 103 to 105 C for 1 hrs. Store and cool dish in desiccators until needed weight immediately before use. (Pre weight)Shake the water sample very well and add 100ml of it in to evaporating Petri dish. Put evaporating dish in to oven at 103 to 105 C for overnight. Next day take out it from oven and cool it in desiccators dish would be having dried residues in it. Measure the weight of evaporating dish. (Post weight)Put the data or pre weight and post weight of the dish in following equation and calculate the amount of total solid present in the sample.
Calculation: mg total solids/L= (A-B).1000/Sample volume (ml) Where, A=post weight of dish (weight of dried residues +dish mg) B= Pre weight (weight of dish mg.)

Estimation of Total dissolved solid (T.D.S.):-
Porcelain dish is used for this method; Heat it for 103 to 105 C for 1 hrs. Store and cool dish in desiccators until needed weight immediately before use. (Pre weight)Shake the water sample very well and add 100 ml of it in to filtration device that is having glass fiber on it. Apply vacuum and filter out 100ml of sample. Collect the filtrate in to evaporating dish. Put evaporating Petri dish in to oven at 103 to 105 C for overnight. Next day take out it from oven and cool it in desiccators dish would be having dried residues in it. Measure the weight of evaporating dish. Total water hardness:-Take 1ml of water samples than added few drops of the ammonium bisulphate solution add to black-T as indicator. We observed that water sample color is occurrence pink. Then added EDTA slowly drops by drop and water color is blue. Calculation: Formula: 1000.1ml of used in EDTA/ml of water sample  (Table:01) .Winter time temperature of river water in range 28. 0 C to 29 0 C. PH range of river water is 7.96 to 9.5 Rivers. Higher pH of river noted on Dec-24 Month. After analysis of recorded data pH of Singoda river water is higher than normal water which indicate some salts concentration higher compare to normal water. (fig 1) Conductivity of water range between 125.9 To 172.9 μmho/cm. higher conductivity of the sample recorded on month Feb-16, higher conductivity indicates higher salts concentration is dissolve in water sample. Zooplankton analysis during time period we isolated 16 spp. of Zooplankton from Singoda River water. After completed analysis we calculated quantitative evaluation of all groups and prepared systematic classification of Zooplankton in river water. (Table: 03 &04) Our survey on plankton diversity and physiological property we submitted this report to Nagar palika of kodinar city.