STRUCTURE AND DESIGN OF INSTRUMENTATION CIRCULAR HOSE AS FLOW INJECTION SYNTHESIS-FIS

Edie Sasito Sarwodidoyo. Prog Study Teknnik Pendingin dan Tata Udara,Refrigeration and Air Condition Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Ciwaruga Paronpong Bandung, Indonesia. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

The reaction and formation of nano-Ferrite material simply done by method co-precipitation in the reaction vessel. The container can be a test tube, flatbed, enclosed tub, etc. To obtain a uniform yield of raw material mixing is done by simultaneously mixing and stirring using a stirrer high speed reaction time with formation and deposition of particles that are relatively short and the possibility of changes in temperature, the formation and growth of particles cannot be uniform. So as to obtain a uniform particle size needed some way special treatment reaction parameters, among others; The composition of the reactance (salt) and the base does not change. Because it is impossible to eliminate time variance is carried approaches such as limiting the amount of reactants with the risk of yielding only slightly. Improve fluid mixing process alkaline and salt with a particle size of yield risk is not very homogeneous. The Yield particles confined in a particular polymer shell template and using of computers to control speed of reaction raw material mixing process. The reaction temperature t [ o C] , pH of the raw material reactants use of non-isothermal reactor tube. ;ρ= density [gr/cm 3

Non-Isothermal Hose Circular Reactor:-
In the The Non Isothermal Hose Circular reactor has advantages in terms of effective reaction mixing given; a) The reaction is concentrated in a relatively small dimensions. b) The reaction in the low flow is turbulent but resulting homogeneous mixture. c) The existence of a secondary collision between yield compounds with the pipe wall. d) Unconditioned reactants in the reactor. The reaction is in Non-isothermal condition and no heater as energy flow in the system.
Batch Reaction Mechanism In the injector. Activation of the pre-set power supply that is able to drive a DC motor peristaltic pump -has tested the linearity of the flow rate of the solution of the power supply voltage regulator, will activate peristaltic pump that is capable of producing an alkaline solution flow rate and chloride salt solution with appropriate to dose stoichiometry as follows; a) 2 Pump primary alkaline solution-driven each pump is activated with a 10 Volt DC to 400 ml / 800 ml Total discharge. b) 1 second pump with the discharge drain precursor solution between 33 ml and 40 ml.
Supersaturated precursor solution was added to a batch reactor through a pressurized injector, Batch reactor had previously been fully charged alkaline supersaturated solution. Flow Injection Ferrite Materials Synthesis. Section of the essential part consists of; 1) inlet for saline. 2) inlet for alkaline solutions.
In order to obtain complete reaction between the salt solution as a precursor to the super-saturated solution of lye, which need to be considered, among others; o Availability of the two reactants sufficiently. o When interfacing the two reactants in the reactor bath enough. o Substitution between segments that are continuous followed simultaneously by nucleation and growth process completely, following the movement patterns as follows; The mechanism of the Flow Injection Synthesis-FIS process described as follows; Nucleation mechanism at the solid-liquid system is divided into two categories, namely: 1. Primary Nucleation (primary nucleation).
Nucleation due to the incorporation of molecules of dissolved substance (solute) to form clusters, which later grew into crystals. In a supersaturated solution (super saturation), there will be the addition of solute that diffuses into clusters and grow to be more stable. Crystals enlarged size, solubility resulting in down, otherwise if the crystal size is small then the solubility rose. Therefore, if there is a larger crystals then crystals will grow, while the smaller crystals will be dissolved again, this is called the Theory of Miers. [1] In the super saturation state solution contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent . In the diagram of the concentration and the solution to changes in temperature and Miers theory is described as follows: During cooling to pass solubility curve has no crystallize and cooling continues until the point b, and the crystals begin to form, and the concentration of the solution be at point C (as the mother liquor / mother liquor). Solubility curve is the boundary where the nucleus formation begins spontaneous, and crystallization began to form. The several proposed mechanisms of crystal growth may be discussed such as theories of; Surface energy , layer , Kinematic , Diffusion -reaction models, Adsorption

Theory of Non-Isothermal In the tube Reactor Process:-
There is a trend: the super solubility curve as an area where nucleation rate increased sharply. If the element of volume of reactants as d Volum = A. dx., Then the mass of the is dm = ρ.dVolum = ρ.A.dx / dt. For the mass flow, which in occurs the mass change at any time dm / dt = ρ. dVolum / dt. The amount of energy formation of the mass of material is dQE / dt = qE.dm/dt = QE, ρ.A.dx / dt with QE as energy formation of moles K seconds Particle crystal growth rate according to Arrhenius  Y(t)is fraction volume yield after t seconds or relative crystalline at crystallization in time t, n as kinetic exponent value or the composite rate constant [7] and depend on the mechanism of crystal growth and size, the reaction rate constant K which is generally expressed by the Arrhenius equation, The reaction rate yield formation at constant temperature n n n n y y K n 1013 On the isothermal treatment frequency factor K parameter values and parameter kinetic exponent n obtained from the data y (t), ie. the double logarithmic behavior Avrami  N and K values obtained from the graph least square Ln {-ln (1-y) versus ln t, for each t different activation energy value obtained from the graph Ln K QE versus 1 / T. [4] In the case of treatment of Non-Isothermal reaction is determined by the number of atoms that move / move because of changes in the temperature, so that the necessary phase transformation equation applies in general namely; The maximum crystallization speed is obtained by making twice differential y of t = 0, The Fraction yield crystals formed on the heating rate α χ constant with the activation energy follow equation The fractions of yield crystals formed on the heating rate α χ constant with the activation energy Ec follow equation ; .....
The fractions of yield crystals formed on the heating rate α χ constant with the activation energy follow equation.
const RT E p c     ln [6] e) The method of Ozawa-Chen The Fraction of yield crystals formed on the heating rate α χ constant with the activation energy follow equation In this study will be used method of Ozawa-Chen with constant α that the modified value in the parameter mileage stream flow X and z as; In the specially case process where the yield system as both constant temperature exchange and isothermal, then   The volume of solution = 378 cc, Mass density solution before reaction = 395/378 = 1.045. In the reaction process there is no mass loss, unless the changes in the chemical formula (chemical phase change), so the average mass density solution before and after the reaction the same value ie ρ = 1,045.The molecular weight obtained relationship measurement system T to r and linear graph between T against ln [r / x0.5]. As the initialization process X0.5 measurement determined by reference parameter ρ, QE, Mw, and R, by the following equation X0.5.i value at constant PHF = 0.5 will depend on Ti and zi Setting Zi based on the position of X0.5, i and has a pH value = pH0.5 as the original (value pH0.5) constant. Given the value of T allowing changes while the value of the position X0.5, I have determined there will be a change in the value of Zi is quite significant. Fraction Yield based pH of the solution before and after the formation of crystals is expressed by the equation;  The Stages of Measurement:-The measurement of half chemical proces is is not too easy, due to the yield movements were volatile, thus requires calmness and not in a hurry. The step measurement, among others; a) As an initialization process X0.5 measurement determined based on the reference parameter ρ, QE, Mw, and R. b) The value of PHF = 0.5 x0.5. the constant will depend on Ti and zi ..  Setting is done by regulating the discharge pH z, the pH is read from the pH meter with the one shown in the above table. Create a graph to Ln x0.5 (x0.5 / z). The coefficient value will be tangent direction of the chart and the activation energy value will be crystal formation See the configuration of the Flow Injection Synthesis Reactor.
The third reactor limitation above can be filled with liquid reactants reacting in a narrow space and flowing , so that the onset of the nucleation process is not to be the same but the age of the nucleus particles and the growth environment can be conditioned -growth same nucleus.
The synthesis process is a method of synthesis of the Flow Injection Synthesis-FIS, the liquid reactant material is injected into the flow of the relative speed laminar alkaline solution. T laminar flow may occur in pipes or hoses with a relatively small diameter orifice or a pipe that has undergoing the process of deflection for this purpose can be made on the flow in the hose is wound in a coiled shape.
From the equation above, there is a relationship between t0.5 parameter with the particle growth rate; Was obtained provisions of the parameters that determine the particle size of the ocean inlet hose dimensions yield among others; sectional area of the channel, the channel spacing when the half-life and flow. the greater the hose cross-sectional area smaller the particle radius (particle diameter) or particle size yields.    Given at the beginning of the precipitation process nanometer-sized particles, the particles will form a colloidal solution remaining precipitant alkaline, alkaline precipitant which has exhausted precursor to form yield. Turbulence will increase the yield of motion brown particles in all directions. This will create a new situation in which the particle precursor solution will more quickly collide with particles precipitant solution.
In this study is limited (does not discuss in detail) the mechanism of micro-precipitation process in turbulent solution flow. The discussion conducted concerning macro thermodynamic parameters induction results after the yield parameters in the form of powder.
The parameter to be a reference, among others; precursor flow rate along the same flow of precipitant solution, pH alkaline solution, colloidal fluid temperature.
The Energy Levels Precursor Solution and Solution precipitants.
The reaction between the solution of precursors with the precipitant will absorb or release energy in their environment that is the solution. Will change the energy level of the solution. If the nature of the exothermic reaction the temperature of the solution will increase, whereas if the reaction temperature endothermal then the solution will decrease.
According to the effect of temperature on the solubility is expressed as follows:   In terms of :. S1, S2 = solubility of each -each substance at temperatures T1 and T2 is expressed in units of [g / 1000gram solvent] , So for pure solvent = water, 1000 grams = 1 liter, 1 gram = mole x M. M = Σ g / mole, so that S = M x 10-pOH 2. The dissolution ΔH = heat (hot dissolution / g (g)).
Obtained S1 = M1 x  Ln S1= Ln M1 + Ln 10 -pOH1 Q solution as changes in the level of energy in the solution.
With the same way the middle (t 0.5 ) way can be obtained; 1. The Mechanism of Mode reactant streaming solution 2. The Planning Long Flow In Section Half Time Yield. 3. Size / diameter of the particle to the distance reactants and yield.
In the physically crystal growth to achieve a fraction yield 50% disbursed in regularly hose wound on cylindrical tubes with diameter of about 20 cm. The length of the hose is designed in accordance with the flow rate (discharge solution yield) and a 50% fraction of the formation of crystals yield (half-life t0.5). For determine the half-life requires parameter data precipitant solution pH, pH of the solution yields at any time up to the steady state.
Parameter pH when the yield reaches 50% or half of the overall yield of the parameter data required initial pH, pH steady state, as well as a number of IPM parameter data in the time interval between the beginning until a pH steady state.
In this case illustrates the pH initial of precipitant before reacting with the precursor, pH describes the pH precipitant steady state after reacted with precursors.

Conclution:-
There are many kind of the chemical reactor, one of the reactor is circular reactor that use of the gravity energy as potensial energy, mixing energy that the size of reactor may adjusted by the size of yield .
In the circlar hose the half energy-X 0.5 is ] .
[ . . . The crystall size can be designed by half time and generally at the end of coil result of yield still in alkaline pH, but not too far from the pH of the formation of yield. It is important to note that the washing process reactants is not too different, to obtain material washing time shorter.
In a time not too long can estimate the time and the particle size, of course, pay attention to the proper parameters.