COMPARISON OF PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF FRUIT RIND OF VIBHEETAKI AND BHAVITHA VIBHEETAKI (TERMINALIABELLERICA(GAERTN.ROXB.)

Midhun.M 1 and Dr P Y Ansary 2 . 1. PG Scholar, Dept. of Dravyaguna vijnanam, Govt. Ayurveda College, Tripunithura. 2. Professor & HOD, Dept. of Dravyaguna vijnanam, Govt. Ayurveda College, Tripunithura. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Terminalia bellerica(Gaertn.Roxb.) (Combretaceae) is a commonly used Ayurvedic drug as single and in various Ayurvedic formulations. It is explained as Vibheetaki in Ayurvedic classical text books and is an ingredient of Triphala as well. Phytochemical evaluation of a drug helps in its standardization and to justify its use in various formulations. In this study, preliminary physical and phytochemical evaluation of fruit rind of Vibheetaki and Bhavitha Vibheetaki (Terminalia bellerica(Gaertn.Roxb.)including High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography was done. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroid, saponins, proteins and carbohydrates.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-
Vibheetaki (Terminalia bellerica(Gaertn.)Roxb) is a drug described extensively in Brhattrayis, Lagutrayis as well as in Nighantus.Vibheetaki is beneficial to cure pathological conditions related to rasa, rakta, mamsa,medo dathus [1] .The fruit kalkam of Vibheetaki is a remedy of pathological conditions related to mootra (urine) and asmari(calculus) [2] . So the fruits of Vibheetaki is found to be effective in correcting the metabolism of purins, the process of elimination of uric acid through urine [3] . Phytochemical analysis of the plant helped in confirming its genuinity. Qualitative evaluation was done to analyze the presence of phyto-constituents. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography revealed the presence of chemical constituents which help in the identity of the drug. Quantitative evaluation of Vibheetaki and Bhavitha Vibheetaki was done to analyze the increase in potency with Bhavana. Process of Bhavana and the need for it:-Fruit rind of Vibheetaki collected from the market will be washed thoroughly and dried. Then it is finely powdered to prepare the choorna. Sufficient quantity of kasaya of the fruit rind of Vibheetaki is prepared in the following ratio of boiling 48 g of thoroughly washed and crushed fruit rinds with 8 times of water. Then it will be reduced to 1/8 th . Bhavana will be done by fully soaking the fine powder in the kasaya, and drying in shade to avoid the loss of essential phytochemicals. After attaining proper dryness, drug will be made into fine powder of mesh size-120. This process will be repeated three times for the preparation of Bhavitha choorna of fruit rind of Vibheetaki. The process of Bhavana aims at the quantitative increase of the essential phytochemicals so as to increase the potency of the drug.

Preliminary Physical and Phytochemical Evaluation:-
The physical and prelilminary phytochemical analysis was done by standard procedures mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Physical evaluation includes Foreign matter, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water insoluble ash, Moisture content, Volatile oil, Fiber content, Tannin content, Total sugar, Reducing sugar, Phenol and pH. Qualitative analysis was done to analyze the presence of steroid, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, tannin, carbohydrate, proteins and saponin. Extractive values include water soluble & alcohol soluble extractives and Successive solvent extraction. HPTLC was done to analyze the presence of chemical constituents in the drug.   +  +  --2  Cyclohexane  +  ++  --3  Acetone  +  --++  4 Alcohol + + -++ Results of qualitative analysis of ash of Bhavitha Vibheetaki   Among them the one major peak were seen at Rf 0.14 and with area % 54.93 A.U.

Discussion:-
The detailed phytochemical analysis was carried out to determine the quality and purity of the drug. Physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, moisture content, volatile oil content, fibre content, tannin content, phenol content, total sugar and reducing sugar content of the normal drug and bhavitha drug were estimated. . Fibre content, tannin content, total Sugar and reducing sugar content of dried powder of the Vibheetaki and Bhavitha Vibheetakiphala(Terminaliabellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb) were estimated as 60.6% and 61.8%; 15.94% and 63.75%; 3.17% and3.97%; 2.3% and 2.5% respectively.HPTLC analysis of the powder of bhavita Vibheetaki phala (Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb) were also done. In the HPTLC analysis of the drug (Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb) reveals total peaks of 8 with total area of 54452.6 A.U at 254 nm. It also reveals total peaks of 10 with total area of 14273.4 A.U at 366 nm. The tannin content present in the drug Vibheetaki (Terminaliabellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb) may be responsible for its anti hyperuricemic and antiinflammatory properties. From the phytochemical analysis and comparison of normal and bhavitha drug justifies its use in different pathological conditions.

Conclusion:-
The drug Vibheetaki(Terminaliabellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb) has been widely used in traditional practices as single drug and in different formulations. It is one of the main drug well explained in all Ayurvedic classics. For giving a validation to its therapeutic properties and to standardize the drug the preliminary phytochemical analysis of the