ATTITUDE OF FEMALES WORKING IN SOCIALLY ACCEPTED OCCUPATIONS FOR MEN AND WOMEN

Dr. Gauri Kadam 1 and Yogita Ubhe 2 . 1. Department of Psychology, Dr.D.Y.Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College,Pimpri, Pune, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. 2. Department of Behavioural Science, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Objectives of the study:- To study attitude towards androgynization of roles among females.  To study females working in socially accepted occupations for men and women. Mahajan, Sharma & Sharma (2004) in their study "Attitude Towards Androgynization of Roles" found that there was no significant difference between ATARS, Model, Prescription of Behaviour, Reinforcement of Behaviour and Exposure to varied occupations of male and female students. Kadam & Ubhe (2016) found in the study "Attitude towards Androgynization of roles and emotional maturity among males and females working in male dominated professions" that there was gender difference (t=6.88) on attitude towards androgynization of roles among individuals working in male dominated professions, gender difference (t=5.15) on Model as dimension of ATARS, gender difference (t=5.97) on Prescription of Behaviour) as dimension of ATARS, gender difference (t=5.61) on Reinforcement of Behaviour as dimension of ATARS, gender difference (t=5.74) on Exposure to varied occupations (EVO) as dimension of ATARS. Kadam & Ubhe (2016) in the study," Attitude towards androgynization of roles and emotional maturity among individuals working in female dominated professions" results showed that there was no gender difference (F=0.47) in attitude towards androgynization of roles among individuals working in female dominated professions, no gender difference (F=0.023) in Model as dimension of ATARS, no gender difference (F=1.33) in Prescription of Behaviour) as dimension of ATARS, no gender difference (F=0.00) in Reinforcement of Behaviour as dimension of ATARS, no gender difference (F=0.36) in Exposure to varied occupations (EVO) as dimension of ATARS.

Review of Literature:-
Hypotheses:-1. There will be no difference in attitude towards androgynization of roles among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women. 2. There will be no difference in Model as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women. 3. There will be no difference in Prescription of Behaviour as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women. 4. There will be no difference in Reinforcement of Behaviour as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women. 5. There will be no difference in Exposure to varied occupations as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women.

Methodology:-
Sample:-A sample of 115 females was selected from Pune city, Maharashtra, India with a minimum formal education of 10 years, age ranging from 20 to 40 years. One group consisted of 65 females in socially accepted jobs for men such as manufacturing units, state transport service, private cabs, petrol pumps, and another of 50 females from socially accepted jobs for women such as nursing, saloons, beauty parlors etc.  Table 1 shows that Mean and S.D. in ATARS of females in socially accepted occupations for men is 80.82 and 14.86, females in socially accepted occupations for women is 77.30 and 13.13 respectively. The "t" value is 1.32, not significant at 0.05 or 0.01 level. Hence, the hypothesis that there will be no difference in attitude towards androgynization of roles among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women is accepted.
It shows that there is no difference in both groups, in attitude that males and females should not be differentiated in their occupations on basis of gender. .78, females in socially accepted occupations for women is 29.26 and 3.86 respectively. The "t" value is 3.52, significant at 0.05 level. Hence, the hypothesis that there will be no difference in Model as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women is rejected.
It shows that there is difference in attitude in both the groups in the belief that female role-model should be given to girls and male role-model to boys.  43 and 6.05, females in socially accepted occupations for women is 22.12 and 6.94 respectively. The "t" value is 3.55, significant at 0.05 level. Hence, the hypothesis that there will be no difference in Prescription of Behaviour as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women is rejected.
It shows that there is a difference in the attitude towards boys and girls behavior should be specific as per gender. It shows that gender specific behavior should not be reinforced and behavior that is not specific with the gender should not be encouraged.  Table No 5 shows that Mean and S.D in EVO of females in socially accepted occupations for men is 14.09 and 3.36, females in socially accepted occupations for women is 13.58 and 3.26 respectively. The "t" value is 0.82, not significant at 0.05 or 0.01 level. Hence, the hypothesis that there will be no difference in Exposure to varied occupations as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women is accepted.
It shows that there is difference in the belief that males and females would be more efficient in work that is gender specific.
Qualitative analysis:-Females working in socially accepted occupations for men reported that 1. They got co-operation from their colleagues, management and their clients. 2. The women conductors reported that they were degraded by their husbands and in-laws. 3. They were getting less salary than their male counterparts though the job definition is the same. 4. In some petrol pumps, they were being teased by the clients.
Conclusion:- 1. There was no difference in attitude towards androgynization of roles (ATARS) and Exposure to varied occupations as a dimension of ATARS among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and women working in socially accepted occupations for women.

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2. There was difference in Model as a dimension of ATARS, in Prescription of Behaviour and in Reinforcement of Behaviour among females working in socially accepted occupations for men and females working in socially accepted occupations for women.