BIOMETHANIZATION OF OLIVE MILL SOLID WASTE WITH TURKEY MANURE AT MESOPHILIC CONDITIONS

Tarek A. El-bashiti 1* , Mohamed M. Jouda 2 and Mahmoud Alajouz 3 . 1. Department of Biology & Biotechnology, The Islamic University-Gaza. 2. College of Intermediate Studies, Al-Azhar University-Gaza. 3. Agriculture Department, Al-Azhar University-Gaza. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Biomethanization or biogas production from olive mill solid waste (OMSW) attempted by co-digestion with Turkey manure at mesophilic conditions. A series of laboratory experiments were performed in anaerobic batch operating reactors, fed with mixtures of OMSW and Turkey manure at various concentrations. Anaerobic co-digestion is well-established process for treating solid organic wastes evaluated for biogas (methane) production. The biogas production and some biochemical parameters of anaerobic digestion at 30°C for 40 days were studied as affected by two factors: (a) The type of the animal waste. (b) The ratio of animal waste to OMSW that constitute four levels (100:0 for P1; 80:20 for P2; 60:40 for P3 and 40:60 for P4) of 8%total solid. The total volume of biogas production at P1 was (6247ml), P2 (4316ml), P3 (1847ml) & P4 (1613ml).The results indicated that there was a gradual decrease in total gas production in the digester by increasing the OMSW ratio, and the highest production was in the first week of the experiments in all digesters.

Introduction:-
Animal and agricultural wastes constitute a high proportion of biomass and their utilization and recycling is important for economic and environmental aspects. Anaerobic digestion one of the most widely used processes for treating these wastes and represents an attractive method for treating organic wastes for biogas production as alternative energy sources (Marques, 2001).
The two phases olive oil extraction process is the most important technology for olive oil production. In this technology, the olive paste is separated into two phases: olive oil and wet pomace or olive mill solid waste (OMSW). The OMSW is a semi-solid by-product composed by olive husk, olive pulp and olive vegetation water, which is usually reprocessed to further extract the residual oil increasing oil yields (Demerche et al., 2013) OMSW represents poor agricultural residues that cannot be used alone for ruminant nutrition because it has high amounts of lignocellulosic materials that have low digestibility (Al-Masri, 2012). On the other hand, the other wastes such as Turkey manure are different because it already hydrolyzed but is considered as a source of mixed Because of lack of natural gas resources in Gaza Strip as a result of Israeli siege. Therefore, our goal of this research was to find a natural alternative. The alternative solution is to produce biogas from the natural resources, which can be available in Gaza Strip such as OMSW and animal manure as a source of digester culture.

Materials and Method:-
Materials:-Turkey waste was collected from a farm at Rafah city in the south of Gaza Strip. OMSW was collected as byproduct of olive production. Both Turkey manure and OMSW were dried at room temperature. The OMSW was ground and sieved by 0.2 cm sieves size.

Method:-
Four digesters were prepared with four different Turkey waste and OMSW ratios P1, P2, P3, P4 as described in Table (1). Each digester was filled by tap water to 1 liter. The pH was adjusted at 7 and electric conductivity(E.C) was measured by sharp electric conductivity water proof ( Table 2).
Then the digesters were kept at 30 °C in water bath for 40 days. The released biogas was collected in the graduated cylinders by water displacement (Figure 1&2).At the end, the final pH and E.C were measured.     Table 3 and Figure 3, P1 has the highest amount of total biogas production and the lowest amount was found at P4. The highest productivity of biogas was found in the first week by P1&P2 (Figure 4).At the last week, P2 produces large amount of biogas when compared with the others (Figure 4). At the end of the fermentation process, we found the PH at the acidic range, and Electric conductivity was increased (Table 4). Table 3:-Rate of biogas production within different time intervals and total biogas production of different ratios of Turkey wastes and OMSW.

Discussion:-
High production at p1 reefers to its Turkey content only as a digestive materials. The low product in other digesters refers to their contents of OMSW ratio. Percentage of biogas production is very low due to its content of high level of poly phenols (Battista et al, 2014), which considered as a toxic substances to the microorganisms.
Also, the late production of biogas is referring to the lignocellulosic compounds that constitute the major content of OMSW that increase the time of hydrolysis. Therefore, we needed to pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials to break it into simple components for easily digestion (Vintila et al, 2010).
The optimum pH for Anaerobic digestion is within a range of 6.

Conclusion and Recommendation:-
It was good idea as an alternative solution, to produce biogas from natural resources in order to provide a healthy product, which is friendly to environment, easy to produce, and available for common people. Thus, biomethanization or biogas production from OMSW and Turkey manure can be the most optimal method to fulfill our requirements for its safety, affordability, and availability in nature.
To be more beneficial and vital process, we strongly recommend pretreatment of the OMSW to help in degradation of the lignocellulosic materials before biomethanization process to increase the biogas productivity.