INVESTMENT OF TIME AND ITS RELATION TO INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS AT THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION-SHAQRA UNIVERSITY (CSHDBSUKSA) THADIQ BRANCH, KSA(STATISTICAL STUDY)

Mohamed Hassan Mahmoud Farag and Faiza Mohamed Hassan Khalil. Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences-Omdurman Islamic University (Sudan) – Shaqra UniversityKSA. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 02 December 2018 Final Accepted: 04 January 2019 Published: February 2019

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its relation to collection. "The study aimed to identify the time management of students, and the study was applied to a random sample of students from the College of Teachers in Hail in the literary and scientific disciplines totaling (82) students in (2007) There was a correlation between time management and academic achievement. The higher the effectiveness of time management among students, the higher the academic achievement. The students who were included in the study sample at the Teachers College in Hail run some of their time efficiently in some cases. Is dedicated to academic aspects of identifying and distributing curriculum objectives, and directing students to use a daily record to monitor their behavior and daily tasks.
The study of Shawi and Abu Sultanah, 2003 entitled "The skill of time management and achievement in the light of some variables in Yarmouk University students:" This study aimed to identify the availability of the ability to organize time and management of Yarmouk University students and students. The study found the following results:

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There was a medium degree of skill in time management among students at Yarmouk University. There was a statistical significance between the skill of time management and achievement. There was a statistically significant correlation between the skill of time and achievement. Donald Donald-1997: The Relationship of Self-Organization, Time Management and Personal Model with Academic Achievement. The study showed that there was a strong correlation between positive and statistical significance between self-control, time management and personality model with academic achievement.
Literature/Theoretical underpinning:-Time Investment:-There's a huge difference between spending time and investing it. The word "spending" means that you're using something up or exhausting it. When you spend time, you're not really looking to get anything back. When you invest in something you expend resources, but you do so with an expectation of getting a good return on your investment (ROI). Investing your time means that you engage in activities which are calculated to bring you meaningful rewards.
"Investing" and "ROI" are terms which, up until now, you've probably heard only when it comes to money. However, you should start thinking of these terms when it comes to your time, as well.
So, how can you start making better time investments? The first step is to set goals. Until you know what you want and what is most important to you, you won't be able to decide what the best investment of your time is.
The second step is to make a conscious decision on how you're going to use your time. Time management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests and commitments with the finiteness of time. Using time effectively gives the person "choice" on spending/managing activities at their own time and expediency, Stella Cottrell (2013).
It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other activities within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time, as time itself cannot be managed because it is fixed. Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects, and goals complying with a due date. Initially, time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of processes, tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in any project development as it determines the project completion time and scope. It is also important to recognize that both technical and structural differences in time management exist due to variations in cultural concepts of time.
The major themes arising from the literature on time management include the following:-1. Creating an environment conducive to effectiveness 2. Setting of priorities 3. Carrying out activity around prioritization. 4. The related process of reduction of time spent on non-priorities 5. Incentives to modify behavior to ensure compliance with time-related deadlines.
Time management is related to different concepts such as: 1. Project management: Time management can be considered to be a project management subset and is more commonly known as project planning and project scheduling. Time management has also been identified as one of the core functions identified in project management. Project Management Institute (2004). 2. Attention management relates to the management of cognitive resources, and in particular the time that humans allocate their mind (and organize the minds of their employees) to conduct some activities.
Organizational time management is the science of identifying, valuing and reducing time cost wastage within organizations. It identifies, reports and financially values sustainable time, wasted time and effective time within an organization and develops the business case to convert wasted time into productive time through the funding of products, services, projects or initiatives at a positive return on investment.
188 Terminology:-1. Investment: A capital used to produce and provide services. 2. Academic achievement: The student's cumulative average score 3. Time Investment is the "application of management principles of planning, organization, direction and time control to achieve the best investment of time and achieve the desired results." Huda, 4. Time planning 5. Set up a specific schedule or plan and set a stage for each stage of organization, direction or control to start and end. 6. Time management 7. The organization is the means through which to achieve the goals, to arrange efforts to reach the ends (the least effort Farah, 2008 8. Timing: Timing means how tasks can accomplish goals as planned and in the time available. Rahimi, 2014 Time control:-Time control means to adjust the work effort, according to the plan in order to achieve the desired goals. Hamouda, 2009.

Stratified Sampling:-
Stratified sampling is a process used in any research that involves dividing the population of interest into smaller groups, called strata. Samples are then pulled from these strata, and analysis is performed to make inferences about the greater population of interest. Stratified sampling is used when: 1. A researcher's target population of interest is significantly heterogeneous. 2. A researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within his or her population of interest. 3. A researcher wants to observe the relationship(s) between two or more subgroups; and. 4. A researcher's goal is to create representative samples from even the smallest, most inaccessible subgroups of the population he or she is interested in.
When using stratified sampling, researchers have a higher statistical precision compared to when they elect to use simple random sampling alone. This is due to the fact that the variability within the subgroups is lower compared to the variations when dealing with the entire population at large.
Thanks to the statistical precision that stratified sampling provides, a smaller sample size is required, which can ultimately save researchers time, money, and effort.
How to Perform Stratified Sampling:-The process for performing stratified sampling is as follows:- Step 1:-Divide the population into smaller subgroups, or strata, based on the members' shared attributes and characteristics.
Step 2:-Take a random sample from each stratum in a number that is proportional to the size of the stratum.
Step 3:-Pool the subsets of the strata together to form a random sample.

Sample Size:-Stratified Random Samples
The precision and cost of a stratified design are influenced by the way that sample elements are allocated to strata. How to Assign Sample to StrataAccording to "stattrek.com, 2019" One approach is proportionate stratification. With proportionate stratification, the sample size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the stratum. Strata sample sizes are determined by the following equation : where n h is the sample size for stratum h, N h is the population size for stratum h, N is total population size, and n is total sample size.

Results:-
Findings:-Analysis of whole data (1 st stage): Table(1) shows that the total Cronbach's Alpha is 0.885. In table (2) there are 4 variables have Cronbach's Alpha is greater than 0.885, these variables (Q7, Q10, Q14 and Q24) should be deleted.    Appropriate of the sample size and the number of studied variables:-Table (5) shows that KMO is equal to 0.705 (greater than 0.5), that means the sample size is suitable for analysis and Sig. is equal to 0.000 (less than 0.05), that means the number of the studied variables is suitable for the analysis. .000 Table 6 shows Communalities that contain initial and extraction of the independent variables. Variable Q17 has maximum initial value equal to 0.764 with extraction equal to 0.643. Variable Q26 has minimum initial value equal to 0.45 with extraction equal to 0.485.    Table 9 shows that Q19, Q18, Q17, Q12, Q4 and Q1 belong to factor1(Orientation & Planning), Q21 and Q23 belong to factor2(ignored because consists of less than three variables), Q15, Q3 and Q22 belong to factor3 (Planning, Orientation & Control), Q11, Q13, Q08, Q02 and Q25 belong to factor4 (Organization, Planning & Control), Q06, Q05, Q26 and Q20 belong to factor5 (Planning & Control) and finally Q16 and Q09 belong to factor6( ignored because consists of less than three variables).    Table 11 shows the correlation among the dependent variables (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6) and the other 16 questions. There are31 correlations out of 96 are insignificant(they represent 33%) and 65 are significant (they represent 67%), therefore the majority of the correlations are positive and significant. Table12 shows that, the majority of Planning, Organization,Orientation and Control oblique to agree and Strongly agree. Table(13) shows that there was significant relationship between the Categories and the Likert levels.        .000 Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Age + Gender + Semester + Age * Gender + Age * Semester + Gender * Semester + Age * Gender * Semester Table(20) shows tests of between-subjects effects. The age has p-value (sig) equal to 0.60 and the gender has pvalue (sig) equal to 0.272 therefore, there are no significant differences. There is significant differences in grades according to the semesters, because p-value (sig.) is equal to 0.000   The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .437. *. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. .099 Tests the null hypothesis that the observed covariance matrices of the dependent variables are equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Grade .004 Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Grade Table 25:-shows that, Pillai's Trace measure was highly significance(Sig.=0.000), this explains that there was effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable (Grade).