AGRICULTURE SECTOR: IMPORTANT CHALLENGES AND PROSPEROUS OF INDIAN ECONOMY.

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The basic characteristics of underdeveloped countries discussed in research paper might as well be regarded as the obstacles to economic development. Even thought the general characteristics of under development are not common to all the under developed countries. Yet broad answer to the Question why a poor country is poor is implicit in these Characteristic. A number of these characteristics are both the causes and consequence of poverty, unemployment, education, health care, price control, agriculture, industry, service sectors. The above factors analyze the causative relationship that inhibits development. Each and every citizen of the country has a right to lead a decent life. Everybody must be able to fulfil minimum needs such as food, health care, housing basic education etc. However, India is a poor country where a large section of the population cannot afford all there. The matter is made worse due to the fact that our economy does not provide adequate employment Opportunities so that poor people cannot get jobs and earn income. Hence eradication of poverty and unemployment is a major challenge before the economy similarly higher quality of life is achieved by getting proper education and health care facilities. Agriculture is a basic occupation. It is the oldest business in the world and nearly two thirds of the population of the worlds is dependent on agriculture for it livelihood. Agricultural progress is normally regarded as a prerequisite of economic development. Agriculture is the foundation on which the entire superstructure of the growth of industrial and other sectors of the economy has to stand. Industrialization plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country. Industrialization means development of industries, mining power plants, transport etc. It is a continuous process of creation and growth of factors, mills, mines, power plants etc. In a developing country like India building up of industries is essential without the development of industries economic development is impossible in fact, industrialization. It is in this context service sector together play crucial role indeed services have grown an important in Indian economy. Today majority of population earn their livelihood from service sector. Service sector is "Tertiary Sector" of Indian economy. It covers a wide range of activities like banking and finance, insurance, tourism and transportation, trading construction and ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(3), 1318-1324 1320 The economic growth rate is very slow due to there is no work then the suffering the labor class for their earning. The slow growth of industries, education and training are main reason for unemployment in India. Also our agriculture is already over burden with population and employment is seasonal there. Four main causes of poverty in India are as follows: It is said that "a country is poor because it is poor." This idea has come down from Ragner Nurkse who pin pointed the problem of vicious circle of poverty, low level of saving reduce the scope for investment, low level of investment yields low income and thus, the circle of poverty goes on indefinitely, measures to poverty.
The govt. has relied mainly on the approaches for reduction of poverty. The first entails pursuit of higher economic growth which will improve the level of living of all groups of people in the society including the poor. The second involves direct antipoverty program and third has stressed high priority to govt. expenditure on social sectors, the govt. Has launched several poverty alleviation programmed.
Unemployment or problem of unemployment:-India has been facing the problem of unemployment and labor surplus, unemployment is normally found in all economics, but it is serious in the Indian economy. Unemployment depicts the darker side of economic progress and it only illustrates inefficient utilization of human resources, lower production and lower standard of living.

Causes of unemployment in India:-
The problem of unemployment in India is deep-rooted and complex. It is a result of interaction of a number of forces which are following reason. 1. Excessive growth of population 2. Slow growth production. 3. Backwardness of Agriculture 4. Lack of manpower planning 5. Increase in labor force 6. Defective Education System 7. In appropriate technology 8. Neglect of small Scale and cottage industries 9. Immobility of labor Measuring policy of The Governor:-Though the removal of unemployment has been proclaimed goal Indian economic planning on attempts is made to implement a long term strategy so far. The employment orientation programmed implements under a different five year plans include small farmer development agency. The marginal farmers and agricultural labor development Integrated Rural development programme. The scheme of training for youth employment, the Rural land less employment Guarantee programmed. Jawar Rojgar Yojana, Nehru Rojgar Yojana. The schemes main aim is providing more and more employment opportunities in rural and urban areas in India. The Indian population day by day increases in increasing rate, the above policies are creating the more job opportunities in rural as well as urban level.
The main aim is more and more job opportunities and provide types job in rural and urban areas with the help above measuring policies.
Health care, Role of Development:-Another major challenge before the country is to provide better health care 254 females out of every 100000 die giving birth. This is called maternal mortality rate (MMR) 50 out of 1000 die at the time of birth is called a infant mortality rate. 15 children out of 1000 die before completing 4 years of age which is known as child mortality rate. Certainly this news is not encouraged. There are so many villages and remote areas do not have adequate health center or hospitals and doctors to attend the problem of people. In 2010-expenditure on health care which is only 1.27 % of our national income measuring of health care.
The rate of govt. is important in providing health facilities, the schemes were launched by the govt. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in 2005 to provide affordable and quantitative health services to rural population. It aims at strengthening health and family welfare programmed, removing, diseases such as Malaria, 1321 Blindness, Iodine deficiency, T.B. (Tuberculosis), Leprosy etc. by improving public health delivery system, NHRM has started revitalizing the existing primary an community health centers. In the September 2010 around 08 lack health workers have been given training on health care and more than 09 thousand doctors and 26 thousand nurses have been appointed on contact basis to give health services to rural population.
Price rise, Role of Development:-People pay prices to buy different commodities in the market. It price increase than it becomes difficult to buy the same amount of the goods and services. As a result, the level of satisfaction of the individual falls When you pay more prices, your existing income looks less than before since you have to now pay more money to buy less amount of goods people wants to buy in the market is more than its actual availability then this will create a situation of shortage of the particular goods. As a result the price of goods has not been adequate. For example, food grain production falls if a drought situation happens. Another reason of shortage could be wastage of the goods due to lack of proper storage facilities. Finally shortage will accrue if the seller hoards the goods without selling it so that a man made shortage creates high prices of goods.

Controlling the Prices:
The govt. price policy has been to stabilize price for this. It has been adopting various monetary, fiscal and other measures to check demand and raise supplies of commodities. The reserve Bank of India has been following the policy of controlling monetary expansion. It is guided by the twin objectives of avoiding excess build up to liquidity at a time when inflationary (price increasing period) pressure reemerge in the economy and regulating the flow of credit to stimulate and sustain production.

Feature of Agriculture-Role of Development:-
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people nearly 60 to 80 % of the population is engaged in agriculture and its related activities. Poverty is wide spread; population grows at a high rate (about 2 % per annum). The standard of living of people is generally low and productivity of labor is also considerably low. The production techniques are backward. Investment in research and development is quite low. The incidence of unemployment and under development is quite high. Income inequalities are wide spread.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people inIndia. At the time of independence nearly 76 % of the population was dependent on agriculture. At present nearly 56 % population is dependent on agriculture. There has been an increase in the absolute number of people engaged in agricultural activities in India. The agriculture sector is the backbone of an economy which provides the basic ingredients to mankind and now raw materials for industrialization. Causes of low productivity statistical evidence suggest that farm productivity in India is low as compared to other countries of world. The low productivity of the agriculture sector is attributable to a host of technological and institutional factors. Some of the important of these factors described 1. Technological factors 2. Institutional factors.
The technological factors are lack of irrigation facilities to farmers, the farmer are used limited fertilizer for their agricultural production and limited use of high yield of variety of seeds. To former are lack of knowledge about new mechanization and they are not used new equipments in their field for agriculture production.
The farmers do not know the knowledge of flood controls and soil erosion system prosperous of Indian agriculture sector.
Employment opportunities for rural people:-Agriculture provides employment opportunities for rural people on a large scale in underdeveloped and developing countries (India also). It is an important source of livelihood. Generally landless workers and marginal farmers are engaged in non-agricultural jobs like handicraft furniture, textiles, leather, metal -work, producing industries and in other service sectors to related of the agriculture sector. These rural units fulfill merely local demands. In India about 70.6% of total labor provided the job opportunities in agriculture sectors. Agriculture makes its contribution to economic development in several ways-1. By providing food and raw material to non agricultural sectors of the economy. 1322 2. By creating demand for goods produced in non-agricultural sectors, by the rural people on the strength of the purchasing power earned by them on selling the marketable surplus. 3. By providing investable surplus in the farm of savings and taxes to be invested in Non-agricultural sectors. 4. By earning valuable foreign exchange through the export of agricultural products. 5. Providing employment to a vast people of uneducated, landless labor and unskilled labor As a matter of fact. If the process of economic development is to be initiated and made self Industrialization plays a vital and crucial role in economic development of an under-development nation (like India) compared to the developed nations. Which are largely industrial economics the under developed nation are predominantly agricultural economics. Industrialization in such a underdeveloped nations is dependent on the role of agricultural sector. In India industrialization plays an important role in modernizing agriculture and improving productivity in that sector. Similarlymagriculture plays an important role in the industrial development.
Industrialization accelerate economic growth following various ways-1. Industrialization increase per capita income. 2. Industrialization expands employment opportunities. 3. Industrialization brings increasing returns. 4. Industrialization builds a self radiant and self sustained economy. 5. Industrialization generate modern attitude. 6. Industrialization ensures growth with stability. 7. Industrialization provides expending market. 8. Industrialization increase in national income.

Some problem of Industrialization:-
The small scale and cottage big industries are beset with a number challenges. Many of big industries are sick at the end of 2010. There were as many 13.5 % big units in the country. The industries, due to various problems have failed to make their contribution to the full to the development of country along the desirable lines. The important problems are shortage of capital.
The institutions which provide finance to their industries are not adequately developed. As result they are faced capital shortage. The next problem is raw material. Raw materials are not available in sufficient quantities at require site quality and at seasonal rates. Due to this there is wastage of productive capacity and many units thus incur hugs losses.
VII) Service sectors role in Development: The service sector with around 57% contribution to gross domestic product GDP in 2014-15, has made rapid strides in the past decade and a half encourage as the largest and one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy. The service sectors is not only the dominant sector in India"s GDP, but has attracted significant foreign investment flow, contributed significantly to expect has as well as provide large scale employment. India"s service sector cover a wide variety of activities such as made. Hotel and restaurants, transport, storage and communication, financing, insurance, real estate, services, community social and personal service and services associated with construction.
As result employment also adjusting to changes and people are leaving the agriculture sector to find work in the service sector. This job creation is particularly use full as often it provides employment for low skilled labors in the tourism and retail sectors. Thus benefiting the poor in particular and repenting an overall increase in employment. The service economy in developing countries is most often made up the financial services, tourism distribution, health and education etc.
India has the second fastest growing services sector with its compound annual growth rate at nine percent, just below China"s 10.9 % during the last 11 year periods from 2001-2012. The economic survey for 2013-2014 said Russia at 5.4 % is a distant third. Among the world"s level countries are in terms of GDP. India ranked 10th in terms of overall GDP and 12th terms services GDP in 2012. It said adding that services share in the world GDP was 65.9% but share in employment was only 44% in 2012.

Summary And Conclusion:-
India is the under developed country, even though the general characteristic of underdevelopment are not a common are not common to all the under developed countries. Yet abroad answer to the question why "a poor country is poor" is implies in there characteristic. A number of characteristic are causes and consequence of poverty, unemployment, education, health care, price control, agriculture, industry, service sector. Each and every citizen of the country has a right to lead a decent life. Everybody must be able to fulfill minimum needs such as food, health care and shelter, basic education etc. So that poor people can get jobs and earn income. Hence eradication of poverty and unemployed is possible to avoided or protected, similarly higher quality of life is achieved by getting proper education and health care facilities. Agriculture is a basic occupation. It is the oldest business in the world and nearly two third of the population of the worlds depend upon agriculture sector for it livelihood. Agriculture is the foundation on which the entire super structure of the growth of industrial and other sectors of the economy has to stand. Service sector together play crucial role indeed services have grown an important in Indian economy. Today majority of population earn their livelihood from service sector.
The role of govt. is important in providing health facilities. The schemes were launched by the govt. National health rural health mission was launched in 2005 to provide affordable and quantitative health services to rural population. It aims at strengthening health and family welfare program removing diseases. Such as Malaria, Blindness, Iodine deficiency, T.B., Leprosy etc. by improving public health delivery system.