ARE DRIVERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING SIMILAR TO THE DRIVERS OF ILL-BEING?

Received: 20 April 2017 Final Accepted: 23 May 2017 Published: June 2017 Psychological well being is about lives going well. It is a combination of being good and functioning effectively. However, it does not mean feeling good all the time, the experience of painful emotions like disappointment, failure, grief is a normal part of life and being able to manage these negative emotions is essential for long-term well being. So the need for the study of this topic is to explain that many of the drivers of well being are not the same as the drivers of ill-being. The study is hypothesized that, personality, demographic factors, socioeconomic factors and international activities are responsible for both psychological well-being and ill-being respectively. To study the objectives, secondary tools were used. With study carried out, with the review of Literature, it suggests that personality factors, demographic factors and socio-economic factors are equally responsible for psychological well-being and ill-being respectively but international activities are only responsible for psychological well-being and not for ill-being.


ISSN: 2320-5407
Int. J. Adv. Res. 5 (6), 2355-2358 2356 Need For The Study:- 1. Recognition that since well-being is more than the absence of ill-being, it needs to be studied in its own right. 2. The need to distinguish between these approaches in improving psychological well-being 3. Evidence that many of the drivers of well-being are not the same as the drivers of ill-being. 4. The strong possibility that by increasing flourishing in the population, we might do more to reduce common mental and behavioral problem than by focusin exclusively on treatment and prevention of disorder.
Obiective Of The Study:-*The indicators of psychological well-being are similar to the indicators of psychological ill-being.
Hypothesis Of The Study:-1. It is hypothesized that " Personality' is a common indicator for well-being and ill-being respectively. 2. It is hypothesized that "Demographic factors' are similar for the well-being and ill-being respectively. 3. It is hypothesized that 'Socio-economic factors' are responsible for both well-being and ill-being respectively. 4. It is hypothesized that "Intentional activities' are responsible for both psychological well-being and ill-being respectively.

Demographicfactors:-
Demographic characteristics also show differential aspects for well-being and ill-being.  Large surveys showed little evidence of gender differences (Helliwell, 2003).  Large surveys using single-item measures of well-being (eg. Overall rating of life satisfaction) find a U shaped relationship with age.  According to Oswald, 2008, Younger and older people tend to have higher well-being scores than middle-age, although there may be decline in well-being among the very old.  Data from British Health and Lifestyle Survey showed that compared to middle-aged and younger men, older men have the lowest number of symptoms of psychological distress but also the lowest scores on a measure of positive psychological well-being.  However, Zimmerman & Easterlin (2006) found that "Marriage" is also an important factor for psychological well-being, they found that while getting married is good for one's psychological well-being, being married may not be.
2357 Socio-Economicfactors:- According to Dolon et al., 2008, Higher levels of income and socio-economic status are associated with higher levels of well-being and lower rates of disorder, although this effect diminishes at progressively higher levels of income.  While most studies suggests that higher educational qualifications are protective factors against poor health, a few have revere gradient. Chevalier & Feinstein (2006) found that men with a higher level of education were more likely to be depressed than those with less education. They suggest that the increase in depression associated with the highest level of education may be an indication of job-related stress of occupations requiring a degree.  According to Wilkinson et al., (2006), Higher national income inequality is linked to higher prevalence of mental illness and lower scores on well-being measures.  Unemployment has also been associated with the presence of mental health problems and lower levels of lif satisfaction. According to Clarket al., (2004), Longitudinal studies demonstrate that people who started out relatively happy become unhappy after they were unemployed.
Intentional Activities;- Lyubomirsky (2006) found that intentional activities are divided into three broad groups 1. Behaviors-such as taking regular exercise, or being kind to others.
2. Cognitions-such as interpreting events in a positive light or feeling gratitude.
3. Motivations-such as striving towards goal which reflect deeply held values rather than being driven by external rewards.
Lyubomirsky found that evidence of such activities increases happiness and psychological well-being but psychological ill-being in either caused or not that is not quantified.

Conclusion:-
Science of well-being which focuses on what makes people flourish on human asset rather than deficits is a promising new area of research. However, Review of Literature and various case-studies suggests that Personality factors, Demographic factors and Socio-economic factors are equally responsible for psychological well-being and illbeing respectively but the aspects may vary. However, Intentional activities are only responsible for psychological well-being and not for ill-being.