ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GROUND WATER NEAR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMPING SITES AT PIPARIYA

L. N. Malviya 1 , V. K. Siriah (Ret.) 2 and M. K. Badole 2 . 1. Department of Chemistry Govt. P. G. College Pipariya (M.P.) India. 2. Department of Chemistry Govt. M.G.M. P. G. College Itarsi (M.P.) India. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas. The importance of ground water for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized [1][2][3] . The quality of ground water depends on various chemical constituents and their concentration, which are mostly derived from the geological data of the particular region. Landfills used for dumping refuses and municipal wastes, contribute ground water pollution [4][5][6][7] . Water pollution refers to any type of aquatic contamination rendering the water body poisoned by toxic chemicals which affect living organisms. The contamination occurs through leakage, which is formed when rain water infiltrates the landfill and dissolves the solute fraction of the waste and the soluble product formed as a result of the chemical and biochemical processes occurring within the decaying wastes [8][9][10][11][12] .
Pipariya is a Municipality city in district of Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh. Due to the uncontrolled and unscientific dumping of municipal solid wastes, all the water bodies near to the dumping sites at Pipariya gets polluted with toxic materials. The high rate of exploitation of ground water than its recharging, inappropriate dumping of solid and liquid wastes are the main causes of deterioration of ground water quality. Therefore the present study deals with assessment of ground water (drinking water) quality near municipal solid waste dumping sites in Pipariya. The study area selected was the urban area of the city. The present solid waste disposal site of PMC is located at Sandia Road which the extreme north-east area of Pipariya. Municipal wastes dumped on this site are largely from domestic and commercial sources. No scientific method of waste disposal is adopted.
Sampling:-Selection of the sampling sites was done on the basis of the overall objective of the present study. In all total five sampling sites were selected within 0.50 km radius of the landfill site from where the groundwater samples were taken to assess the status of ground water quality at Pipariya. Water samples were collected in clean 500 ml plastic bottles after the extraction of water either from a bore-well or a hand pump. All the collected samples were immediately transported to the laboratory, stored at 4°C and analyzed the same day.
Physicochemical Analysis:-It is very essential and important to test the water before it is used for drinking, domestic, agricultural or industrial purpose. All the samples were analyzed for relevant physicochemical parameters according to internationally accepted procedures and standard methods 13 . The samples were analyzed for following physicochemical parameter, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, iron, and sulphate (mg/l) etc. All The reagents used for the analysis were AR grade and double distilled water was used for preparation of solutions.

Results and Discussion:-
The results of the physicochemical analysis of the groundwater samples are presented in Table-1. Temperature of the Ground Water sample was recorded as to be normal as per the desirable range. Temperature of groundwater sample slightly varied ranged from 26.0 to 27.5  883  890  892  889  908  904  894  888  5  TDS  901  888  898  891  903  887  890  900  907  904  6  TA  138  140  138  138  142  139  136  134  140  135  7  Cl -245  253  250  249  251  248  246  252  244  251  8  TH  383  375  378  380  384  386  379  391  389  394  9  The pH of the groundwater samples is useful for the calculation of acidity and alkalinity, and important factor in maintaining the carbonate and bicarbonate system. The pH of the groundwater samples were from 7.79 to 7.93. The pH value of all the samples shows the water is neural in nature. The values of pH are within desirable limits (6.5-8.5).
Turbidity of groundwater samples obtained from 5.1 to 6.1NTU. EC is a measure of total salt content in water 14 . EC ranged between 885µs/cm to 910 µs/cm. TDS indicates the general nature of water quality or salinity 15 . During the study TDS is found between ranged 887 mg/l to 907 mg/l. The TDS concentration was found to be above the 415 permissible limit may be due to the leaching of various pollutants into the ground water which can decrease the potability and may cause gastro-intestinal irritation in human.
The total alkalinity was found to be in the range of 134 to 142 mg/l in ground water samples which are caused mainly due to OH -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 ions 16 .
The total hardness of ground water samples were found in the range of 375 to 394 mg/l which is further compared with the standard value ranged 300 mg/l. Water hardness is usually due to the multivalent metal ions, which comes from minerals dissolved in the water. The hardness of water is not a pollution indicator parameter but it indicates water quality mainly in terms of calcium and magnesium. The desirable limit for hardness is 300 mg/l and the permissible limit in the absence of alternate source is 600 mg/l.
The value of chloride obtained 244 to 253 mg/l as presented in table which is further compared with the standard values 250 mg/l. Chloride is not harmful to human at low concentration but could alter the taste of water at concentration above 250 mg/l.
DO of ground water samples were found in the range of 2.4 to 3.0 mg/l. due to the capacity of water to hold oxygen 17 . The concentration of nitrate was found in water sample up to 4.1 mg/l. have also reported increase in nitrate concentration in ground water due to waste water dumped at the disposal site and likely indicate the impact of leachate.
The concentration of fluoride in the studied water samples ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 mg/l. The concentration of fluoride at low concentration in ground water has been considered beneficial but high concentration may causes dental fluorosis (tooth mottling) and more seriously skeletal fluorosis 18 .
Phosphate may occur in surface and ground water as a result of domestic sewage, detergents, and agricultural effluents. The phosphate content in the study area was found in all sites from 9.5 to10.2 mg/l.
Calcium and Magnesium are measured by complexometric titration with standard solution of ETDA. The values of Calcium in water samples were found in the range of 146 to 153mg/l. and Magnesium ranged from 143 to 151 mg/l.
Iron occurs in waters in varying degrees depending on the geology of the area. The iron content of water samples ranged between 0.12 and 0.2 mg/L.

Conclusion:-
The study assessed the evolution of water quality in ground water of Pipariya near MSW. On the basis of current investigation we can conclude that the ground water near the MSW dumping areas most of the under permissible limit of WHO but some of the achieving near permissible limit. A comparative study of ground water i.e. bore well and hand pump water carried out by taking certain important parameters like pH, TDS, TA, Nitrate, Cl -, PO 4 3-, Fetc. In this present investigation it was found that the maximum parameters were not at the level of pollution except few parameters like nitrate, TDS and TH in ground water. Therefore, the best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the ground water resources and municipal solid wastes dump in controlled and scientific way at dumping sites.