STUDY ON BIOMETRIC INDEXES, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN WITH USAGE OF FERTILIZER PRODUCTS OF „AGROPOLYCHIM“ AD

Dragomir Plamenov 1 , Pavlina Naskova 1 , Bojka Malcheva 2 and Yordan Iliev 3 . 1. Department of Plant Production, Technical University – Varna, Varna, Bulgaria. 2. Department of Soil Science, University of Forestry – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. 3. Department “Agrochemistry and Soil Science”, “Afer Bulgaria” EOOD. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 01 October 2018 Final Accepted: 03 November 2018 Published: December 2018

In the present experiment has been studied the impact of six fertilizer products of "Agropolychim" AD over basic biometric indexes, the productivity and quality of soybean. For the purpose on a trainingexperimental field of "Plant production" department has been set an experiment with variety PR91M10. The results show that with largest height distinguishes the control, but the difference in comparison with the following it as per value three fertilizer variants is untrustworthy. There lacks proofness of the differences between the separate fertilizer products as per the indication number of beans on a plant (the value is highest with usage of ammonium nitrate), except for the fertilizing with UAN. The analysis of the data for number of seeds as per a plant indicates that the variant with DAP produces most, but the following it as per value three variants do not differ reliably from it. The seeds are best fed as a result of fertilizing with NPK and UAN. The data for productivity display statistically proved superiority with usage of MAP and DAP in comparison with the other products included in the experiment. The biochemical data display that with fertilizing with MAP is obtained a soybean with the highest content of protein and with lowest oiliness, and it is highest at the variant with UAN.

Introduction:-
Soybean has s high commercial value and high concentration of protein, about 40%, calcium, phosphorus, fiber, and in addition it is cholesterol free (Hassan et al., 2010). It plays an important role in provision of food, cash and animal feeds (Mugendi et al., 2010). Soybean has potential to fix N from the atmosphere through biological fixation (Nieuwenhuis and Nieuwelink, 2002). Through research, it has been demonstrated that some varieties of this crop have the ability to fix nitrogen from 44 to 103 kg N ha -1 annually (Sanginga, 2003). Although N fertilization of soybean is not a common practice there is speculation that the ability of soybean to fix atmospheric N is not always adequate for maximum yield (Weber, 1966;Wesley et al., 1998). There a number of factors influencing soybean N fixation and the response to applied N. Sorensen and Penas (1978) concluded that soil temperature, moisture, and pH affect soybean response to applied N. Starling et al. (1998), Afza et al. (1987) and Wood et al. (1993), reported that although soybean obtains N through symbiotic fixation, application of a N starter fertilizer has resulted in Two control plots have been set for a greater objectivity of the study and comparability of the results.
The fertilizer products have been brought in before sowing, as the fertilizer norm is 70 kg/ha nitrogen active substance for the soybean, recalculated for each of the repetitions.
Pioneer variety PR91M10 (maturity 1.0) soybean were seeded at a rate of 600 000 seeds/ha. Soybean was inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum before planting.
After finishing of the soybean vegetation is carried out gathering in phase complete ripeness (on 28 September 2015), as for each plant is carried out a biometrical analysis of the parameters: height of the plants, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant, as the normal and shriveled have been counted separately.
In conclusion, for each repetition of the six variants of the experiment is reported the productivity and qualitative indexes (content of protein and oiliness) with the assistance of NIRanalyzer (model DA7200 NIR, Perten Instruments).
The obtained biometrical data are statistically processed and the results are included in a dispersion analysis with calculation of the smallest proven difference between the variants with p = 0.05 (LSD 0.05 ). There have also been determined the values of the coefficient of variation (CV). The statistical processing is carried out with the assistance of programme product STATISTICA, version 10.

Results and Discussion:-
The meteorological conditions (minimum, average and maximum temperature) during the vegetation of soybean are displayed on Figure 1.  The soybean begins its development at optimum conditions, as during month May is reported the lowest temperature of the air (18.3 о С). The maximum value is measured in month August (31.5 о С), when the average temperature also shows highest values (28.4 о С). Following the parameters of temperature during the phenological development of the soybean, it can be concluded that the conditions are favourable about the normal entering of the plants into the separate phenophases and termination of the vegetation. Regarding the average quantity of the precipitations is determined, that in the present study during month July is reported minimum quantity of the precipitations (9.6 l/m 2 ), which does not affect particularly favourably the soybean, which during this period enters in the reproductive phases, but at the expense of this the next month (August) differs with most precipitations (62.4 l/m 2 ) (Plamenov et al., 2017).
In Table 1 Table 2). The statistical analysis determines proofness of the difference at each of the four variants in comparison with the control and UAN. The high values of the variation coefficients make an impression, as smallest variation is available with the plots, fertilized with UAN. The obtained seeds differ in the degree of state of feeding, which imposed their grouping in two categoriesnormal and shriveled. It is determined, that the largest number of normal (fed) seeds are produced as a result of fertilizing with NPK (43.35 numbers/plant) and UAN (40.06 numbers/plant), as the difference as per the indicator in comparison with the other fertilizer variants is statistically reliable. Highest is the percentage share of normal seeds at usage of the liquid fertilizer product UAN (93.05% out of all seeds), followed by the plots, fertilized with NPK (79.73%). At the rest fertilizer products is reported a significant share of the shriveled seeds (from 41.25 up to 55.04%). In the present experiment highest yield demonstrate the variants with usage of MAP (3067.3 kg/ha) and DAP (2535.4 kg/ha), as the difference between them is not proven ( Table 3). The statistical reliability is available between the two fertilizer products and the rest five variants of the experiment. In the studies of Casanova (2000) is determined also a proven difference with increasing of the content of phosphorus in the applied fertilizer product. There is available subordination between the yield with soybean and the phosphorus fertilizing, as usually the lack of a positive effect is connected with soils, which are characterized by high content of the macroelement (  3. The largest number of beans per plant demonstrate the variants in the following decreasing order: DAP, urea, MAP and NPK, as the differences are not reliable. It has been determined, that the fertilizing with NPK and UAN is connected with the obtaining of larger number of normally fed soybean seeds. 4. The data about the productivity indicate, that the variants with usage of MAP and DAP statistically proven exceed as per yield the rest fertilizer products. The control unfertilized variant displays lowest productivity. The biochemical analysis reports, that with highest content of protein, but with lowest oiliness are the soybean seeds as a result of fertilizing with MAP, with presence of reliability in comparison with three of the variants (control, DAP and NPK). The oiliness is with highest values at usage of UAN, as the difference is proven in comparison with four of the variants (MAP, urea, ammonium nitrate and control).