TYPES OF SHORT COMIC TEXTS IN THE UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES.

Article is attempt of the taxonomical description of the texts which are a part of "a small genre": jokes, anecdotes and other national and folklore work which represent oral ridiculous story about an event with a witty ending. The author compares substantial characteristics Uzbek "latifa" to an English joke (anecdote) and a joke (joke) and reveals their universal and ethnopeculiar features.


Materials and methods:-
The material of the article is based on folk jokes which are the product of folk's art, various anecdotes, jokes, reproaches, sarcasms and texts of small genre. The following methods were used for our research: descriptive method, comparative methods, componential analysis, lingual-pragmatic approach, conceptual analysis, crosscultural analysis.
The present dissertation is an example of a complex-monographic investigation done for the first time and devoted to study speech constructions of small format anecdotic texts from the point of view of advanced aspects: pragmalinguistics, cognitive science, lingual culture and it has got the following novelty: 1. the inherenet connection of human's speech activity and social activity has been proved and the groups of linguistic and non-linguistic factors of discourse units formation have been revealed; 2. the signs which differentiate anecdotic texts from other speech constructions have been demonstrated and their linguistic essence has been defined; 3. the methodology of cognitive structioning of anecdotic texts of humorous and satiric meaning had been worked out and due to implementation of this methodology into practice the main stages of this speech art process have been studied; 4. the number of factors of lопределен ряд факторов языковой актуализации цели речевой коммуникации, а также выявлены прагматические компоненты смыслового содержания исследуемых текстов; 5. basing on comparative analysis identic and national-cultural peculiarities of investigated speech phenomena of different languages have been proved from lingual-cultural point of view; 1183 6. similarities and differences in expressing speech constructions with pragmatic content of jokes, mockery, laughter, sarcasm, reproach, used in the speech of Uzbek and English people have been opened; 7. actualization of above mentioned pragmatic aims in compared languages is proved on the basis of cognitive mechanisms and influence of such regularity on formation of such texts has been explained.

Results and discussion:-
Comic genres, bearing the immortal traditions of Uzbek people from ancient times exist, their formation and development, improvement and enrichment was carried out jointly with human society, which helped to reflect the actual events. In Uzbek oral folk art are the following comic genres, also preserved in the literary heritage, each of which has its own specifics: Latifa (from the Arabic "lutf" ‫ﻒﻃﻠ(‬ -nice, thin: to do well, to respect) is a brief humorous story, mainly in the form of a dialogue, one of the genres of folk satire, which contains a satirical episode. The character of the genrewitty resourceful person, defending truth and justice.
Askia (from the Arabic "Zaki" -resourceful, witty)one type of Uzbek verbal folk art that is used during popular gatherings, festivals, holidays.
This genre is playful dispute on a particular topic between two or more people, and is based on a language game. According to scientists, the first samples of Askia arose among the craftsmen who wanted to alleviate monotonous work. In 2014, the genre Askia was included in the list of the Committee for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO.
Lof (from Arabic exaggeration) is one of the popular satirical genres, which is a statement, not corresponding to realit y with a highl y exagge rated sense. The amount of "Lof" is limited to 3-4 sentences. During national gatherings turns into a competition between two wits.
In this article we in detail stop on the review and analysis of linguistic peculiarities of the genre of "Latifa". The comic genre of "Latifa" is one of the most ancient and popular genres of Uzbek folk art, close to the genre of "joke". Latifa represents such genre of folklore, to play requiring no special training, as, for example, for the performance of dastans existed professionals "bakhshi", or tales told by trained storytellers. To play Latifa required only the eloquence and acting skills. In this regard, in Uzbek language is not found, such terms as "Latifaguy".
It should be noted the following genre properties of Latif: 1. Latifa treat an epic type of fiction and represent the only genre, in which all national wisdom is embodied in one personality. 2. Latifa is created in a prosaic form. 3. They are limited on volume, represent the short story 4. In the description of an event dialogues are often used. 5. The unexpected outcome causes laughter. Also such moment is interesting that practically all samples of a genre of "latifa" have the name refl ecting the maintenance of a joke or anticipating a situation which will occur.
The genre of "latifa" has the language and style, mainly national and colloquial therefore in jokes the words difficult available to understanding, unclear expressions, difficult descriptions practically do not meet.
Originally heroes of the Uzbek national jokes were "one person", "one governor", "one wise man", "one dervish", "one carver", "one doctor", "one poor". However since the second half of 19 century all these characters unite in one comic image of Nasriddin Afandi which forced out all previous heroes. According to scientists, it occurred under the influence of the translation into the Uzbek language, the publication 1184 and distribution among the people of the Azerbaijan and Turkish jokes subsequently. Besides, this process was accelerated by distribution of the Azerbaijan magazine "Mullah Nasriddin" among the Uzbek intellectuals. It is necessary to tell that to ask about the sizes of paradise and a hell in itself it is senseless because nobody knows it and doesn't learn. Therefore Afandi safely answers on the understanding, and it is impossible to disprove its answer. Many samples of Latifa are constructed on similar illogical questions and answers.
Jokes about Afandi can be divided into two types: Social stories, where the main character appears in the circle of his family, friends, neighbors, local community and representatives of the common people. In these jokes ridiculed such people as simplicity, stupidity, laziness, cunning, greed. In the course of the story this type of jokes Nasriddin Afandi or acts as the owner of these qualities, or makes fun of other members of society. For example.
Бу вазирингизнинг отиши -деди Афанди ва учинчи марта ўқ, отган эди, кийикка тегди. From this joke it is possible to see that Afandi the resourcefulness smoothed a situation during which he didn't recognize the inability to firing.
The aforesaid confirms opinion of scientists that "characters of jokes can be considered as conductors to understanding of national and cultural specifics of the language personality and the nation in general. The joke is created by the people, his author is anonymous. Therefore it can be considered an objective indicator of the cognitive and moral processes happening in society and dominating in the society of valuable reference points" 4 .
The critic in jokes Hodji Nasreddin always hidden, thin, with crafty implication that is peculiar to east literature and as well as possible helps to deride shortcomings, first of all nonsense. As if effortlessly it placed the heroes and itself (himself) in unusual situations, and then the wit hit into the most problematic points of society of that time. Jokes about Hodji Nasreddin precisely transfer nuances of national language.
As for modern Uzbek jokes of recent years, they are published in Newspapers, Internet sites and applications for mobile phones, and as individual collections they didn't. In addition, it should be said that there are a large number of anecdotes in Uzbek language, translated from other languages, in particular Russian, and in this regard, they, naturally, are not able to reflect national circumstances. There is currently no such single character for the Uzbek jokes, what was Nasreddin Afandi. participated in all his 19th century Characters modern anecdotes varied, it can be and ordinary people of different genders, ages (the anecdotes about the school and the children are allocated a character like Lesavoy is a little boy, famous for his pranks), professions (there are many jokes about doctors, soldiers, football players), with different social roles (husband, wife, mother -in-law), and social position. It can also be personality, known for his achievements in sports or culture (football international category referee Ravshan Ermatov, singers Rayhon, Ozodbek Nazarbekov). The theme of the modern jokes is also diverse and includes personal relationships, social issues, and certain life situations.
It can be argued that the samples of the genre Latifa embody folk wisdom, virtue, and person, optimistic attitude to life, high culture and tact. Genre Latifa has also great educational value in society. In the samples of this genre reveals the relationship between people, describes the characters of different social groups, and ridicules human shortcomings and weaknesses.
English humor is an important aspect of the national English character, and is an integral part of national identity. According to V. Ovchinnikov, "English humor is something intimate, private, not intended for outsiders. It manifests itself in implicit allusions and humorous stories, addressed to a certain circle of people able to evaluate these omissions as blurry patches of light on familiar objects. That's why this humor at first, alien to alien. It cannot be experienced i mmediately or with the development of the language. It can only be filtered as part of the flavor of the country, and as the most subtle part of it" 5 .
English humor is considered to be aristocratic and slim, elegant and calm, because , according to the researchers, the English humor is based on a trait of the English mentality, as suppression of their emotions. Sense of humor is considered in England one of the main advantages of a person. In old English books about the etiquette says that a man without a sense of humor is far from perfect, so a sense of humor ought to be nurtured since childhood.

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English humor is mostly built on word play, pun, limerick and other lexical techniques. Often the innuendo, the urge to think, turn on your imagination. It should be noted that humorous discourse in English is not extensive, since "in the English -language communication more attention is paid to oral unprepared for the humor, and the comic saying formed much more difficult portion, as the communicant is aware that it is already told what to say, and how to successfully tell a joke in the course of communication" 6 .
According to A. V. Karasik, axiological picture of the world reflected in the attitudes of the British, defines the meaning of English humorous texts. The scientist believes that the characteristic features of English humor consist in the desire to use the semi -serious style of communication, because the British strictly control their behavior 7 .
In English there is a distinction made between "anecdote" and "joke'". Thus, the "anecdote" in Englishshort, funny, instructive case from the lives of great famous people. This concept appeared in Indo-European languages thanks to Procopius Cesaresco, the biographer of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. This author has published the work "AѴƐΚϬΟΤΑ" (Jokes), translated as unpublished memoirs or secret history. The book contained a collection of real stories that took place with representatives of the Byzantine Royal court. An example of an English joke: Саrу Grant is said to have been reluctant to reveal his age to the public, having played the youthful lover for more years than would have been appropriate. One day, while he was sorting out some business with his agent, a telegram arrived from a journalist who was desperate to learn how old the actor was It read: HOW OLD CARY GRANT? Grant, who happened to open it himself immediately cabled back: OLD CARY GRANT FINE. HOW YOU?
The term "joke" (joke, anecdotes) -"short funny oral story about a fictitious event with an unexpected witty ending" 8 , which may include as characters as famous people, and folklore or fictional characters.
According to A. V. Karasik, axiological picture of the world reflected in the attitudes of the British, defines the meaning of English humorous texts. The scientist believes that the characteristic features of English humor consist in the desire to use the semi -serious style of communication, because the British strictly control their behavior 9 .
In English there is a distinction made between "anecdote" and "joke'". Thus, the "anecdote" in Englishshort, funny, instructive case from the lives of great famous people. This concept appeared in Indo-European languages thanks to Procopius Cesaresco, the biographer of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. This author has published the work "AѴƐΚϬΟΤΑ" (Jokes), translated as unpublished memoirs or secret history. The book contained a collection of real stories that took place with representatives of the Byzantine Royal court. An example of an English joke: Саrу Grant is said to have been reluctant to reveal his age to the public, having played the youthful lover for more years than would have been appropriate. One day, while he was sorting out some business with his agent, a telegram arrived from a journalist who was desperate to learn how old the actor was It read: A boy owned a dog that was uncommonly shaggy. Many people remarked upon its considerable shagginess. When the boy learned that there are contests for shaggy dogs, he entered his dog. The dog won first prize for shagginess in both the local and the regional competitions. The boy entered the dog in everlarger contests, until finally he entered it in the world championship for shaggy dogs. When the judges had inspected all of the competing dogs, they remarked about the boy's dog: «He's not that shaggy!» banana-skin humor -primitive jokes. This term originated in 1913, when in a theatre of great Britain staged the musical with this episode: a man was walking down the street, almost hit a pole, winked at the audience, and suddenly slipped on a banana peel and fell. The episode was perceived by the audience as being very funny.
Why was the broom late for breakfast? -Because he swept in Why is the letter T like an island? -Because it's in the middle of water elephant jokes -stupid jokes, or flat, which appeared in the 1960s and represent a riddle or a puzzle. This type of jokes more typical of children's humor.
Q: How can you tell that an elephant is in the bathtub with you? A: By the smell of peanuts on its breath Q: How can you tell that an elephant has been in your refrigerator/ice box? A: By the footprints in the butter/cheesecake/cream cheese. O: What time is it when an elephant sits on your fence? A: Time to buy/make a new fence.
Among the multifaceted diversity of the English humor is especially notable for this genre, as "limerick" is a humorous short poem, the appearance and genre formation which presumably refers to the 17th century. Traditionally the limerick has a strict poetic form and represents patisserie a certain rhythmic pattern. Every limerick consists of the following elements: the first line contains the information about the main character and his origin, the second line can be found the description of the appearance or actions of a character, followed by the description o f events, and finally, conclusion, or information, and how it ended.