PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AMONG ADULT MALES IN WESTERN REGION POPULATION IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

1. Assistant Professor and Consultant Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University. 2. Medical intern, Ibn Sina National College, KSA (postal address: jeddah, Al-Thaghr neighborhood., 22338. 3. MD, Saudi Board Program. Medical Resident R4 IMC, Jeddah, KSA. 4. Medical students, MBBS, Batterjee Medical College, KSA. 5. General Practitioners Doctors, Jeddah , KSA. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 12 October 2019 Final Accepted: 14 November 2019 Published: December 2019

Objective:- 1. To determine the prevalence of OSA especially in males. 2. To determine the risk factors of OSA. 3. To identify common factors among OSA patients. 4. The extent of the patient awareness about his health state associated with OSA.

Methods:-Study design:
This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Study Setting and period: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at Universities, schools and hospitals (from the general population), KSA from may 2019 till November 2019.

Study Population And Sampling:
Study participants:-Inclusion criteria; Males ≥18 years old. Exclusion criteria; Females and males those younger than 18 years old.

Sampling Method:-
Participants will be randomly selected and carried out by questionnaire.
Sampling size:-A number has been collected 1753 males from the general population. According to the prevalence study, 39.42% of patients They were under the age of 25 years old, 87.22% they don't suffer from snoring, 43.53% they feel tired during the day, 46.89% of them they are smokers. P value is 0.000 which means there is a strong relationship between doing tonsillectomy and having allergic rhinitis.
P value is 0.000 which means there is a strong relationship between being exposed to motor vehicle accidents and receiving treatment for OSA. 1005

Conclusion:-
The results of the study showed positive results in terms of low incidence of the causes that increases the risk of getting sleep apnea syndrome, such as family history of the disease and the presence of fevers, nasal allergies, heart disease and stroke. But one of the disadvantages is that a large proportion of them are smokers, and smoking is one of the causes of the disease, also, a large group of the sample have not been treated and this is dangerous for their health.

Discussion:-
This study was based on a number of 1753 participants, 39.42% of them below age 25 year old,1529 of them they don't suffer from snoring which is meaning the snoring does not have an important relationship with OSA , according to cardiac disease 495 they have cardiac disease although it is a small number of the total sample, this must be taken into consideration.
The current study showed statistically significant association between feeling tired during the day and having cardiac disease (p=0.002).
there is a strong relationship (P value is 0.000) between having stroke and having cardiac disease, on the other hand, which means that patients suffering from cardiac disease are linked to being more prone to stroke, (P value is 0.000) which means there is a strong relationship between smoking and having cardiac disease, (P value is 0.000) which means there is a strong relationship between doing tonsillectomy and having allergic rhinitis, (P value is 0.000) which means there is a strong relationship between doing tonsillectomy and having allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion:-
The study findings show that obstructive sleep apnea more common in males below age 25 year old ,this health problem was not significantly related to snoring as it is more than the middle of the total sample number do not suffer from snoring, on the other hand, smoking was one of the most important and related causes a most are smokers and the other part were x-smokers and the minority are very non-smokers, For chronic diseases related to this disease like DM there is unnoticeable or clear relationship. Perhaps that which is a very big problem is that more than half were not receiving treatment, which means that there is an unconsciousness and lack of understanding of the seriousness of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. It is recommended to provide healthcare workers with launch specific awareness programs on not neglecting the any health problem related to respiratory diseases and effective of ease of treatment and methods.
Replication of this study in multiple hospitals or areas across different caregiver stuff is recommended, thus making problem in the domain of evidence-based medicine.

Recommendation:-
we recommend setting up health education programs about the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome this health problem must be presented broadly and beneficially and, in a way, that everyone understands, as most deal with this health problem ignoring and not being important, work should be done on health conferences and medical discussions on that.