IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM L) WITH BENZYL AMINO PURINE AND NAPHTALENE ACETIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION.

The in vitro propagation of the plant is a developed method in tissue culture. This method is developed to propagate the Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum L). The purpose of this research was to find out the Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) supplementation towards the in vitro Chrysanthemum multiplication. The method used was the factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors used, those were factor I: NAA consisted of 3 treatment levels: (N0) = Control without NAA. (N1) = 1ml/1 NAA. (N2) = 1.5 ml / L NAA. (N3) = 2 ml/L NAA. Factor II: growth regulator (BAP) consisted of 3 treatment levels (B0) = Without BAP Treatment as Control. (B1) = 1 ml /L BAP. (B2) = 1.5 ml / L BAP. (B3) = 2 ml/L BAP. The parameters observed were the number of roots, leaves and performed every week meanwhile the height, root length and the performance was observed after 8 weeks of propagation (8MST). The result shows, the addition of growth regulatory compounds (NAA and BAP) combinations took significant effect towards the parameters of the number of leaves meanwhile the plant height, number of roots and length of root were not significantly taken any effect.

The in vitro propagation of the plant is a developed method in tissue culture. This method is developed to propagate the Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L). The purpose of this research was to find out the Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphtalene Acetic Acid

Introduction:-
Chrysantemum might be called as short day plants when its flower initiation and development is depended on the sunlight. The propagation of chrysanthemum needs a large land to fulfil the needs of its consumers. This decorative plant has been widely in demand of people, yet there are some constraints felt by the farmers when producing chrysanthemum seedling. The seedling plants of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L) often being attacked by th pests causing the change in its flower colour, less attractive and less guaranteeing the quality impact on consumers trust (Altayani, 2018).
Productivity and production of Chrysanthemum flower is increasing year to year implies the need huge availability of superior varieties and good quality of seedlings (Soedarjo, 2010). Based on Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS,2014), the Chrysanthemum production from year to year has been increasing to the number of 387.208.754 stalks, and the increasement reaches the number of 427.248.059 stalks. The request of Chrysanthemum flowers in Indonesia keep increasing approximately 25% per year.

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The quality and consistency of Chrysanthemum has been the common problem. Other problem comes from the unstable Chrysanthemum prices with unstable quality. The propagation of Chrysanthemum by the farmers is still using conventional method with shoot cutting. These cuttings may cause a decrease in Chrysanthemum crop productivity (Muhit, 2007). The most effective solution to produce high quality Chrysanthemum is by using tissue culture method to develop quality of numerous seedlings in a relatively short period of time compared to conventional propagation.This way is expected to overcome the problem of quality of Chrysanthemum seedlings availability (Yusnita, 2003) In tissue culture, beside the explant which would be cultured, the growth regulators will affect a lot to the effectivity of Chrysanthemum growth. According to Sugiyanto (2008), NAA (Naphtalene acetic acid) is a stable auxin compared to others because it is not easily decomposed by enzymes released by the cells or in heating process of sterilization. This type of auxin is predisposing the stem length increase, growth, root differentiation and branching, fruit development, apical dominance, phototropism and geotropism. In addition, cytokinin can be also combined to the MS media. According to Kasli (2009), BAP (Benzil amino purine) has an important role in the Chrysanthemum shoot forming. One of the BAP functions is to propagate the plants by stimulating the shoot of the tissue culture explant. Therefore, this research is going to utilize NAA and BAP as growth regulator for in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectivity of NAA and BAP as growth regulator towards the in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L).  (#) = not significant (*) = significant According to the variation analysis, NAA and BAP interaction shows there is significant affect through the number of Chrysanthemum leaves. The best combination to give the highest average of total leaves number is in N2B2 treatment in the equal concentration of auxin and cytokinin gives a good respond to the growth of Chrysanthemum leaves. Ni'mah (2012) says that the exogenous BAP administration in the medium might affect the development and elongation of the cells significantly. The administration of NAA and BAP is not significantly affecting the root number of the plant. According to Su et al. (2011) states that the addition of cytokinin in high concentration to the medium is going to inhibit the root growth, by its activity in the auxin biosynthesis inhibition to form the roots. The best combination to the root growth has found in the treatment of N2B1. This is caused by the high dose of the auxin in the MS medium, that NAA is directly taking role of the root growth stimulation. The occasion has been strengthened by the statement of Harjadi (2009), NAA is taking role of callus growth, stimulate the cell division and regulating the morphogenesis. According to the performed observation, root growth occurred in the eighth week. In case the observation performed longer in time, the combination of NAA and BAP treatment may result better effects in root growth. An indicator of successful tissue culture of plant is the accretion of the root.

Results and Discussion:-
Root is a plant organ which works as food supplier to the whole plant body and as absorber of nutrition to grow and develop. Observation parameter to the NAA and BAP administration treatment didn't show any significant affection towards the root length of the plant. This might cause by the cytokinin high concentration compared to the auxin concentration, with the result that auxin work as root growth promotor was inhibited by the cytokinin. This is in line with Karjadi (2007), with the increasement of cytokinin, the roots forming tend to decrease, assumed that the root growth in plantlet was inhibited by the addition of BAP. There should be a balance amount of growth regulators ingredients to the medium, as Rahardja (2007) has stated that the growth respond of the cultured explant depends on the interaction and counterpoise of the endogenous regulator and exogenous compound given to the medium.
365  Callus growth is marked by the whitish yellow swell in the cutting scar of the explant causing the coverage of it. Callus formation of the explant also affected by the growth regulator added to the medium especially auxin and cytokinin. Callus inducement by administration of auxin often combined with the cytokinin well known as Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP).The administration of auxin and cytokinin to the culture medium may increase the growth regulator concentration endogenously, which become a factor of the growth and development of the tissues (Lestari, 2011) Generally, shoot will be formed when the cytokinin dose higher than auxin and callus will not be differentiate when the cytokinin is lower than auxin (Mahadi, 2016). According to Yustina (2004), in case both cytokinin and auxin are high makes possible for the stimulation of shoot formation. Yet when both hormones are in low concentration, the root formation would be stimulated. And when both hormones concentration are balanced, the callus formation will occur.

Conclusion:-
In vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum plant (Chrysanthemum indicum L) with supplementation of NAA and BAP significantly affecting the leaves number and non significantly affecting the number of roots, height and root length.