MODELS OF ELECTRICAL POWER MANAGEMENT IN APPLICATION OF ENERGY CONSERVATION BASED ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Janter

Janter 1 , Herman Mawengkang 2 , Usman Ba’afai 3 and Nasruddin M. N 2 . 1. Study Program of Natural Resources Management and Environment, Postgraduate School, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia and Faculty of Engineering, University of Darma Agung, Indonesia. 2. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. 3. Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Utilization of conventional electrical energy as the fulfillment of living necessities for lighting and electrical equipment is increasing, which can cause problems in the provision of electrical energy. Energy management is needed to solve the problem of energy utilization, especially the problem of energy demand during peak load. The greatest energy consumption during peak loads is for building lighting at night, including street lighting. The use of electrical energy for the national public road lighting is getting bigger due to the increase in the length of national roads each year significantly. In North Sumatera Province, by the end of 2019 the total length of the national road segment is 2632.22 Km, an increase of 328.56 km from the previous road length. By increasing the power factor of the existing national street lighting and utilizing lamps with high efficacy and utilization of solar cells on the increase of national roads will be obtained energy conservation and the need for electrical power for the purposes of street lighting by increasing the road segment becomes fulfilled.
Development of national roads is done to meet the needs of the community to drive. With the growth of national roads in North Sumatera, the need for electrical energy for street lighting is also increasing. Street lighting is used at night while at the same time there is a peak load on the power system. With the addition of this national road segment, a strategy is needed in the utilization of electric energy for street lighting. To meet the needs of electrical energy can be done with energy efficiency and energy saving done by adding equipment to improve the power factor[1]. Can also be done by decreasing active power losses and reactive power losses in power distribution systems [2].
Efficiency is one step in the implementation of energy conservation. Energy efficiency is an appropriate general term for using less energy to produce the same number of useful services or outputs. In the general public, sometimes energy efficiency is also defined as energy saving. Energy efficiency is an action of energy utilization that is smaller than energy that should be used at a level of equal energy production. Energy efficiency occurs on the consumer side associated with the use of electrical equipment. Through energy efficiency measures will be achieved significant energy conservation. Energy conservation can be achieved through systematic, planned, and integrated ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(3), 635-642 636 efforts to conserve energy resources and improve the efficiency of their utilization. Energy conservation is an efficient and rational use of energy without reducing the energy consumption that is really necessary. Energy efficiency will result in savings in energy consumption. Using sensor techniques to detect the number of vehicles and the required illumination level required to achieve energy savings [3]. Energy savings can also be obtained by applying solar cell technology with solar LED lamps automatic [4].
To obtain energy savings [5] is required review of 2 aspects as follows: 1. Technological aspect, 2. Economical aspect.
Energy conservation can also be obtained by replacing conventional street lamps with solar led street light with illumination lighting setting automatically [6].
In this research to anticipate the growth of electric power requirement due to the increase of national road segment to obtain energy conservation done by the way that is 1. Increase power factor by addition of capacitor, 2. Use light bulb with higher light efficacy, 3. Using solar cell off grid to serve LED to meet the energy for national arterial and collector roads, 4. Apply half lethal strategy from the number of lamps alternately taking into account the level of illumination still meets the minimum standards of lighting. The way that 4 is applied for the national collector road segment. From the 4 items above, can be determined the level of environmental pollution that occurs refers to the value of carbon emission factors for Indonesia established by the United Nations Development Project (UNDP) of 1.14 Kg / KWh. To utilize solar cells as an energy source, solar irradiance is approximately 1000 W / m2 at 0.5 V open circuit voltage [7]. By doing energy conservation if there is an increase of national road is no longer needed additional energy to serve lighting.

Research Method:-The Power Absorbed By The Lamp And Power Factor Correction:-
Electrical power is calculated as follows: P = V.I. Cos φ = S. Cos φ where: P is electric power V is the utility voltage I is the electric current Cos φ is the power factor. Energy is the power used in a single unit of time.
The reactive power required for power factor correction (Qc ) can be obtained as follows: Qc = P (tan φ1 -tan φ2) The value of adding capacitor (C) for power factor increase is Qc = V 2 / Xc or C = Qc / 2πfV 2 By increasing the power factor by giving the capacitor will cause the value of power absorbed by the lamp is smaller than it should be. So that energy conservation can be obtained

Effect Of Light Efficacy On Illumination:-
The efficacy of light is the ratio between the flux of light and the power consumption in lumen / watt units K = Ø/P or Ø=KxP Cos ψ is the ratio of h and r With higher light efficacy will affect the smaller absorption power value to produce the same illumination rate.

Capacity Of Solar Cells Module And Battery:-Capacity of solar cell module:-
Fm is multiplier factors due to losses and efficiency DSE is Duration of sun exposure

Conclusion:-
From the above study it can be concluded that the use of light bulbs with higher light efficacy provides the highest conservation of energy and reduces the greatest carbon emissions and provides the largest environmental conservation fund in the world carbon trade.