MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF WATER QUALITY OF TWO CENTURY OLD LAKES, FROM JHANSI, BUNDELKHAND REGION.

Divya Saxena 1 , Dr. Deepak sahay Saxena 2 and Dr. Amit Pal 3 . 1. Research Scholar,(Dept.of Environmental Sciences),Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. 2. M.V.Sc.,Veterinary Doctor,Vidisha (M.P.). 3. Professor(Environmental Sciences), Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 22 May 2019 Final Accepted: 24 June 2019 Published: July 2019


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bodies have more complex and fragile ecosystem and hence readily accumulate great quantities of pollutants. Increased anthropogenic activities in and around the water bodies damage the aquatic ecosystems and ultimately the physico chemical properties of water (Upadhyay et al., 2010). Drinking contaminated water can cause diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, and various other diseases like Typhoid, Amoebiasis, Jaundice, Enterobacteriaceae, etc. The increased demand of water as a consequence of population growth, agriculture and industrial development has forced environmentalist to determine the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of natural water resources (Regina and Nabi, 2003). The present study was under taken to define the various point sources of pollutants in the two century old lakes and to assess the quality of water samples with special reference to microbiological properties in various months and stations.

Study Area
Jhansi is well known district of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with a geographical area of 502.75 thousand hectare. The district is situated in the South West corner of the region at 24º11'-25º57' N latitude and 78º10'-79 º 23' E longitudes. The average rainfall is 800-900 mm/year. Population of Jhansi is near about 4, 79,612. The western area of the district is covered with hillocks. Land is suitable for citrus species fruits. Crops include wheat, pulses, peas, oilseeds. Surface water is the main source of water in Jhansi. Betwa river, Pahuj river, Barua Sagar Lake ,Lakshmi Tal, Antiya Tal are the main source of water. After treatment, the surface water is supplied to various areas through pipelines for municipal uses. Antiya lake is located between latitude 250 12' N-120 16' and longitude 780 18' E-780 23' E in Jhansi City, Bundelkhand region, Central India. Barua Sagar is a historical place located about 25 km from Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on the bank of the Betwa River, the place is named after the Barua Sagar Taal, a large lake created about 260 years ago when Raja Udit Singh of Orchha built the embankment. Area is 4.64 sq. Km; altitude is 210 mtrs above MSL. Monthly water sample have been collected from 5 different point of the two lakes as fallow: Site1-East; Site 2-South; Site 3-West; Site 4-North; Site-5 Centre respectively.

Analytical design
Water samples were collected from the lake, 10-15 cm below the surface during winter (April to June). The sampling locations were choosen carefully in order to get maximum representation of the diverse eco hydrological environments within the lake system. Sample containing bottles were placed in insulated wooden or plastic boxes and transported to the laboratory. Samples were stored at 4°C for further use. Bacteriological analysis was done using HiSelective H 2 S Medium for detection of Salmonella, Staphylococcus ,Streptococcus, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, E.coli sps. In this Vials were filled with water sample upto arrow level and then the vials were swirl carefully to completely dissolve the powder. The vials were then incubated at 32-35°C for 24-48 hrs and then the result was observed. The various morphological characteristics of recovered isolates viz., colony morphological (Colour, Shape, Arrangement and Gram staining) and the biochemical tests carried out for identification of isolates (Holt et al. 1994).

Result and Discussion:-
Bacteriological analysis showed the four microbes in lake water samples. All samples had E. coli, as indicator of fecal pollution. Staphylococcus aureus was found in five samples of Barua sagar lake. Bacillus cereus was present in four samples of Antiya Lake and Pseudomonas spp was found in three samples of both the lakes. E. coli cause urinary tract infection and diarrhea and. Pseudomonas species can cause disease in animals and humans (Balcht 1994). Pseudomonas can, in rare circumstances, cause community-acquired pneumonias as well as ventilatorassociated pneumonias, being one of the most common agents isolated in several studies (Fine et al. 1996). Staphylococcus species is the most common cause of staph infections. It can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as pimples, impetigo, boils, cellulitis folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, and septicemia.

Conclusion:-
The present investigations conclude that the quality of water samples subjected to study was acceptable from physico-chemical parameters, while presence of various bacterial isolates shows that the water of both the lakes may not be suitable for drinking . If the similar condition continue for longer period, lake may soon become ecological inactive. So, it should be the prime responsibility of Jhansi Municipal Corporation to monitor the water quality of lake continuously, and should take important steps along with the government and various NGO's so that the water quality of the lake should be maintained efficiently.