A Model of Carbon Emission Reduction based on the Efficacy of National Public Road Lighting in North Sumatera Province

: Electrical energy is a fundamental requirement necessary for the survival of human activities. Electrical energy is exploited as much as possible in human life due to its availability which is continuously reachable easily and cleanly. In terms of supply, in its operation, the generation of electrical energy with fossil fuels causes environmental pollution whose value can be converted by multiplying by 1.14 KgCO2 / KWh emission factor. From the demand side, street lighting has a light efficacy that can be used for energy conservation. Light lamp efficacy is the ratio of luminal output to electric power consumption expressed by lumen / watt unit. The efficacy of the lamplight affects the light intensity in the candela unit and the intensity of light affects the illumination in lux units. By using Model Type: Utilization of SUTR power through converter to PJU-LED obtained energy conservation of 40.149 GWh and Utilization of SUTR power through converter to PJU-LED and DIM obtained energy conservation of 48,897 GWh of national road along the 2632.22 km in North Sumatera Province, and resulted in a decrease in carbon emissions of 45,769 kTon CO 2 and 55,742 kTon CO 2 respectively, resulting in carbon trading values of US $83,752.27 and US $ 102,013.35.


INTRODUCTION
At present, the condition of shortage of electrical energy can occur due to limited supply of electrical energy is smaller than the larger energy needs. The rate of growth of electricity demand will tend to be greater if not addressed will cause the level of availability of electrical energy to be disrupted.
To overcome the limitations of electrical energy, energy conservation efforts are needed. Conservation of electrical energy can be achieved through 2 approaches that are 1. By increasing the efficiency of electrical energy usage and 2. Reducing losses (Arvind and Tejinder, 2009). Conservation efforts can be achieved through two aspects: 1. Aspect of technology and 2. Aspect of human behavior change (Khan and Halder, 2016).
In the case of electric energy crisis, Bangladesh as one of the developing countries can save electricity consumption 3% -20% through changes in human behavior. The management of energy efficiency in the consumer side and service sectors is always based on the application of demand side management (Mohamed and Mohamed, 2009) The energy absorbed by the cloud and the earth's surface is reflected back in the form of infrared radiation, but some of the infrared radiation emitted by the earth is held up by clouds and gases of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, to be returned back to the earth's surface (Fredrich, et al.,2010). Under normal circumstances, the greenhouse effect is required. With the greenhouse effect the temperature difference between day and night on earth is not too much different.
In the control of regulated air pollution which refers to the maintenance of the environment should be the basis in the development of society (Warner, 2010) With the electric energy crisis, the development pattern of electric energy generation and the utilization of electrical energy become related to the issue of global warming, so to overcome the thickening of carbon dioxide emission, the utilization of environmentally friendly technology becomes the choice(Dingra and Singh, 2009).
One of the efforts to obtain potential energy conservation done is on general street lighting due to its use occurs only at night and at the same time the peak load (escolar, et al., 2015) Particularly for national street lighting a large energy requirement is managed for the convenience of driving at night (Biwas, et al., 2013).
To get energy conservation, applied Model Type: Utilization of SUTR power through converter to PJU-LED and DIM To determine the level of carbon emissions caused by the generation and utilization of electrical energy, using data generating electricity in Indonesia, then the CO2 emission factor is 1.14 Kg / KWh stated by United Nation Development Project (UNDP).
Referring to the results of the National Strategy Study (NSS) indicating that the CDM potential of the energy sector is about 2.1% of Indonesia's total 1200 million tons of CO2 emissions per year. Thus the CDM potential of the energy sector is 25.2 million tons of CO2 per year at a price of US $1.83 per ton.

LIGHT EFFICACY
The efficacy of light is the ratio of the lumen output to the power consumption expressed in lumen / watt units. K = Ø/P Where, K is the light efficacy (Lm / W) Ø is Flux light (Lm) P is electric power (Watt) In street lighting, the height of the lamppost affects the spreading of light. The higher the pole is used, the resulting light widened with a smaller level of illumination.
To determine the angle of the line that connects the endpoint of the lamp and the point in the middle of the road with the horizontal line is as follows in

The Effect of Height Variation of Light Pole on Illumination
As a reference used MBF, 400 watts, 110 Lumen/watt for primary arterial road. The effect of the height variation of light poles on the illumination produced with certain light efficacy on the primary arterial road at the midpoint of the road is obtained by the following calculation: 1. According to the energy sector CDM potential by National Strategy Study (NSS) at a price of US $ 1.83 per ton then, in carbon trading is obtained as follows in Table 3

CONCLUSIONS
Energy conservation is an energy efficiency use measure by reducing energy consumption or replacing energy sources to get the same benefits. In this paper, energy conservation is obtained by replacing Lighting lamps of the MBF Lights type into LEDs and between Low Voltage Networks as a converted energy source converter. Obtained energy conservation of 45.769 GWh as a stage 1 and by doing Dimmer as stage 2 obtained energy conservation of 55.742 GWh.
By carrying out conservation measures along the 2632.22 km national road in North Sumatera Province using LED-Dimmer Converter, a carbon emission reduction of 55.742 kTon CO2 was obtained with a carbon trading value of US $ 102,013.35.
Converter technology makes it possible to conserve energy by using LED lights.