SMILE ANALYSIS OF MALE STUDENTS AT ALFARABI COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY & NURSING (WIDTH / LENGTH OF MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR)

1. General Practitioner Dentist. 2. Assistant Professor in the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi colleges for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Lecturer of Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiute Branch, Egypt. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 10 October 2019 Final Accepted: 12 November 2019 Published: December 2019


ISSN: 2320-5407
Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(12), 768-772 769 (81%) was found by Sterrett et al. (8) for the 3 anterior maxillary tooth groups. In restoration of the central incisors incisors, the natural look of anterior teeth and their esthetics can be associated with these dimensions . (8,9,10) Because these dimensions can change between different geographical regions and also between sexes, it should be evaluated in each country. Therefore, due to inconsistencies in width-to-length ratios and the lack of information in Saudi community, this study was conducted. Its goal was to determine the width-to-length ratio of clinical crown of maxillary central incisor teeth in male students at Alfarabi College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh-KSA.

Methodology:-
Morphologic study on maxillary central incisors was carried out on male students at Alfarabi Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing -Riyadh -KSA.
The inclusion criteria were: 1. All maxillary and mandibular anterior should be present. 2. No gingival or periodontal conditions or therapy that would undermine healthy toothtissue relationship. 3. Inter dental spacing or crowding should be absent. 4. No restored anterior teeth should be present. 5. No history of orthodontic treatment.
The exclusion criteria were: 1. Evidence of gingival alteration or irregularities. 2. Apparent loss of tooth structure due to attrition, fracture, caries, previous restoration or crown.
The total number of the students participated in the study was 67,Before enrollment, all students were explained the objectives of the study and invited to participate by signing an informed consent. Results:-67 male students were participated in the study, their ages was between (21-29 years) , the mean value of W/L ratio was 77.25% 9.38. Minimum W/L ratio was 55%, and the maximum was 100%. (Table 1) Number of the students that their W/L ratio of maxillary central incisor was within the optimal gold standard (66-85%) was 45students, 22 out of them was within the ideal range (75-80%). 14 students were above the optimal ratio, while 8 students were below the optimal ratio. (Fig. 4) The nationalities of the participated students was as following: 49 Saudi , 12 Syrian, 5 Palestinian, and 1 Egyptian.

Discussion:-
The importance of considering the relation between the width and length for each tooth is clinically relevant since it allows for the calculation of length loss based on the existing width, which usually remains stable. (11) The size and morphology of maxillary central incisors are the key determinants in esthetically accepted cases, in spite of the artistic sense of dentists can be useful in restorations, but presenting these dental ratios by a scientific research, helps this field. (8) The upper central incisors in particular are the key determinants in evaluating anterior dental aesthetics as was mentioned in dental literatures. (3,12,13) This study aimed to find out the width-height ratio of maxillary central incisor in a group of Saudi community male students, at Alfarabi Colleges For dentistry and Nursing-Riyadh City. In the present study the maxillary central incisors Width -Length ratio mean was 77.25% ± 9.83 % with a minimum of 55% and a maximum of 100%. The results are different in comparison to the mean noted in dental literatures. In some researches, the ratio were reported 86% for maxillary central incisors (14) In another research on 82 subjects, the width-to-length ratio was 85% for central incisors in male subjects, (8) this incompatibility with the previous researches, may be due to the differences in the nationality or ethnic of the participating subjects. Another reason may be attributed to the method of measurement which was done directly to the clinical crown from the patient mouth in our study, while the other studies the measurement was done on stone cast after pouring an impression for the teeth, or measuring extracted teeth. In spite of this incompatibility, the greatest number of the participant in our study (45 students) their ratio was within the optimal gold standard of W/L which is considered good as a component of smile as mentioned in dental literature (6)(7)(8) . In addition to 22 of these students was within the ideal range of W/L ratio (75-85%) which is considered excellent parameter for esthetic smile as recommended in a study conducted by Cooper et al in 2012 (15) . Limitations of the current study that may affected the results: Small size of the sample, diversity of the nationality, male gender only. 75-80%( Ideal) 80-85%( within optimal) > 85% (above optimal)