EFFECTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM JAMBULANG FRUIT ( SYZIGIUM CUMINI. L ) AS ULTRAVIOLET ANTI RADIATION AGENT.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ultraviolet anti-radiation agents on Jambulang ethanolic extract (Syzigium Cumini L) by calculating SPF,% T, and% Tp values in UV A and UV B wavelengths with concentration variation of 1 ppm, 10 ppm , 100 ppm and 1000 ppm. The preparation of jamblang fruit extract was done by maceration method using ethanol solvent. Measurement of absorbance value of the extract is by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The measurement result calculates SPF,% Te, and% Tp. The calculation results show the wavelength of UV A with concentration of 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, and 1000 ppm, where% Tp in the sunblock category has the value of 1.129; 1,126; 1,138;


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overview of the ability of plants to protect the skin through compounds contained in the plant in the form of bioactive compounds such as phenolic and supported by the antioxidant compounds (Purwaningsish, et al., 2015). Antioxidant compounds are molecules from the synthesis of plants that can be used as an antidote to free radicals. Several classes of active antioxidant compounds such as flavanoid, tannin, anthraquinone, cinnamon, xanton have been tested and can be used to reduce UV radiation (Susanti, et al., 2012). Frans., Et al (2016) also tested the activity of anthocyanin, flavanoid, and polyphenol compounds that could potentially be used as antioxidants in red grapes (Vitis vinifera). Jamblang fruit (Syzigium Cumini L) is a local fruit that has a sense of acid sprinkling. Lia., Et al. (2014) reported that there is antioxidant activity in the extract of the fruit so it potentially serves as ultraviolet anti-radiation agent. Jamblang fruit is one of many plants in eastern Indonesia. This research was conducted to know the effectivity of Jambulang ethanolic extract as anti ultraviolet radiation agent.

Materials And Methods:-
Tools and materials:-Jamblang fruit is cut small and then dried in an oven at 50 o C, weighed 100 grams and macerated with ethanol for 24 hours. After that, the filtrate that has obtained is concentrated by using rotary evaporator. Measured absorbance was performed at the wavelength range of 290-320 nm and 320-375 nm, with intervals of 5 nm and 3 repetitions. The effectiveness of UV anti-ray agents can be measured by determining the SPF (sun protection factor) value, the percentage of erythema transmission and pigmentation transmission in absorbance are obtained from concentrations of 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm and 1000 ppm at wavelengths 290-320 nm and 320 -375 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

Data analysis technique:-
The data were obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength 320-400 nm, and 290-320 nm in determining absorbance of ethanolic extract of jamblang fruit. Measuring the effectiveness of a UV anti-ray agent can be done by determining, the SPF value, the percentage of erythema transmysis (% Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (% Tp) of spectrophotometric absorbance (Balsam 1972 andJellinek 1970); , where: λn = largest wavelength, λl = smallest wavelength, n -l = eryemogenic interval. Valuing category of UV radiation agent is based on% Te and% Tp, Balsam (1972). For the category of UV Radiation Agent value is based on SPF (Sun Protection Factor).

Results And Discussion:-
Jamblang fruit (Syzigium Cumini L.) that used in this study is fruit with blackish red colour. Sample preparation is done by washing and draining the sample, then removing the water content in the fruit by heating the sample at 50 o C for 7 days. 100 grams of Jamblang fruit are macerated in 500 mL of ethanol solvent for 1 x 24 hours. The extract is then concentrated with a rotary vacuum evaporator to remove the solvent content in the sample to obtain a pure extract. Subsequently the sample is dissolved in ethanol with concentration variations of 1000 ppm, 100 ppm, 10 ppm, and 1 ppm. the selection of this variation is done by looking at the valid UV Vis spectrophotometer capability that is at absorption value> 0 and <1. To know the effectivity of uv anti-radiation agent from simplicia, this research is done in vitro using spectrophotometric method. The effectiveness of the uv anti-ray agent can be seen from the% Te,% Tp and SPF values. The higher the SPF value and the lower. value of% Te, and.% Tp then the better the protection of the UV anti-ray agent.
The determination of% Te, and% Tp values used the transmittance value at 5 nm interval, where% Tp at UV wavelength A and Te% on UV length B, the result of measurement is then processed using Balsam equation. Calculation of SPF value used absorbance value with interval 5 at wavelength UV A and UV B, from absorbance measurement data then processed by calculating the value of AUC and inserted into Petro equation. Measurement of ethanolite extract was done with variation of concentration, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm. Blanks that used in the measurements are adjusted with the solvent during maceration. Variations of concentration were done to determine the optimum concentration value in providing protection from UV exposure.  The graphs in Figure 1 and 2 show that the concentration is directly proportional to the absorbance where the higher the concentration, the absorbance value is also higher in accordance with the law of lambert beer. Measurement of absorbance at UV A wavelength with variation of concentration show that ethanolite extract of jamblang had highest absorbance at 320 nm wavelength with concentration of 1000 ppm, except at 1 ppm concentration whereas highest absorbance at UV B wavelength was at 290 nm wavelength with concentration of 1000 ppm but there is a difference in absorption intensity at concentrations of 1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm in which a maximum wavelength shift occurs at a wavelength of 295 nm. This is called a bathocromic shift which can be caused by the solvent or an auxochromic group present in sample. The absorbance ability of a compound may be affected by the excitat ion of binding electrons from the nonbonding orbital to the antibonding orbitals, so that the absorbed or absorbed maximum wavelength can be related to the bonds that may be present in a sample. Chromophore group. is a group that plays an important role in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at UV-Vis wavelengths. While the group aksokrom is a group that has a major effect on the shift of the peak uptake of chromophore groups to a greater wavelength.
The absorbance value obtained from ethanolite extract of jamblang fruit is then calculated its SPF value. Calculation of SPF value is using Petro Equation (   The transmittance value of Figure 4 and 5 are obtained from converting the absorbance value obtained from the UVvis spectrophotometer method using the A = -log T equation so that it can be concluded that the value of T = antilog A. Based on that, it can be concluded that the relationship between absorbance value, transmittance and concentration is the higher the concentration the higher the value of absorbance and transmittance or can be said that the value of absorbance and transmittance are linear with the value of concentration. While the value of transmittance is inversely proportional to the absorbance value where the higher the absorbance the lower the value of transmittance.    According to Balsam (1972) and Niekha (2015) a good UV anti-ray agent is an agent with an SPF value of at least 15, a Tp% of at least 3%, and a Te% of at least <1%. The higher the SPF value, the longer the anti-radiation agent UV can protect the skin from the negative impact. The lower the% Tp and the% Te values the better the UV-ray agent. In order to see the relationship of concentration with SPF value, the value of% Tp, and the% Te value can be seen in figure 2. Thus, this study stated that Jamblang fruit ethanolite extract has potential as a good anti-UV ray agent, which has the potential to absorb and transmit radiation UV is good at UV A and UV B wavelengths.