CHARACTERIZATION AND INFLUENCE OF RAINY SEASON ONGROUND WATER QUALITY OF MORADABAD CITY

Anam Sayeed, Sameer Chandra 2 and * Jaspal Singh 1 . 1. Department of Environmental Science, Bareilly Collage, Bareilly, (U.P.) 243005. 2. Department of Plant Science, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, (U.P.), 243006. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

The growing imbalance between supply and demand has resulted in pollution and environmental degradation. Fresh water is finite resource, essential for agriculture, industry and even human existence. Increase in urbanization, industrialization, agriculture activity and various human activities have enhanced the water pollution. The adequate quantity and quality of water necessary for sustainable development, World Health Origination (WHO) reports that approximately 50% of urban and 65% of rural India is facing the problem of fresh water supply. Groundwater is important source of drinking water therefore it is very essential to maintain its quality (Navneet Kumar, 2010). Intake of contaminated water is the source of several diseases. Analysis of ground water quality provided an idea about the degree of contamination level due the over exploitation and unwanted human interference (Tewariet al., 2010). Industrial effluents, Sewage, drainage, livestock production and fertilizers are the sources which bring changes in the physicochemical characteristics of ground water (Chandra et al., 2012), which have been subject to investigation, as a consequence of such deteriorate in water quality, water borne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and gastroenteritis occur. According to the world health organization (WHO), it has become necessary to monitor water quality to observe the demand and pollution level of ground water. Ground water quality has great worry not only to the scientist and researcher working on the related aspect in India but worldwide (Rizavi et al., 2013). Most of the population of Moradabad city depends on the ground water for drinking purpose (Jain and Agarwal, 2012). Given study is contributing basic knowledge about the effect of rainy season in the studied area. Moradabad is situated at the bank of River Ram Ganga (a tributary to the great Ganges). This city is situated in western U.P., province between 28°-21´ to 28°-16´ Latitude North and 78°-4´ to 79 Longitude East. It is situated within the great Gangetic plain. South-west monsoon season brings rainfall is about 80% approximately, rainfall 336 takes place from June to September. Throughout monsoon excess water is available for deep percolation to ground water

Material and Method:-
Five sites viz. Civil lines, Bangla Gawn, Petal Nagari, Harthala and Kurala selected for the present study. The water samples were collected in two season i.e. pre and post rainy in pre-cleaned plastic bottles, collected samples were immediately brought to the laboratory and analyses for various parameters. The standard methods of APHA (1995) were followed for the analysis.
Result and Discussion:-pH: In the observed samples collected from the different site of Moradabad city for the characterization of water quality in pre rainy season pH level was found maximum (6.39 ±0.26) at the station Kurla, minimum range (6.12±0.12) was found at C.lines whereas the average was estimated 6.36 for the city. In the post rainy season it ranged from 7.54-7.22 the highest range was found at Kurla and the lowest at Harthal and the average was 7.37, while the recommended level of pH given by WHO (1984) is (6.5-9.2). It's revealed that pH of ground water of Moradabad city is suitable for house purpose Dissolve Oxygen (DO): Dissolve oxygen is one of the key factor of natural or waste water it is influenced by the physio-chemical parameter and biological activity in the water body (Matti, 2001) in pre rainy season the maximum DO was noted 22.5 mgL -1 at site B. Gawn area and minimum was noted at the Civil line 11.8 mgL -1 and the overall average of the DO was noted 17.68 mgL -1 in the city of the selected sites on the other hand DO in post rainy season was ranged from 23.5 -12.8 mgL -1 and the average was 18.68 mgL -1 within the city among the studied sites.

Calcium:
The calcium concentration ranged from 84.53-55.9 mgL -1 in pre rainy season and the marginal value was 28.63 mgL -1 whereas in post rainy season concentration was noted from 82-53.71 mgL -1 and the average was 68.88 mgL -1 of all the studied sites. In post rainy atmospheric temperature decrease due to this evaporation rate of water falls in rainy season and its reach to the lower layer of the surface 337 Chloride (Cl -): The highest level of chloride is estimated at the site P. Nagari 86.14 mgL 1 followed by 84.33 mgL -1 Harthal and the lowest level is estimated at civil line 56.73 mgL -1 and in the post rainy season Clis found highest at the P. Nagari 83.01 mgL -1 and the lowest at 53.71 mgL -1 like same pattern of post rainy season Chloride was found much below as recommended by the WHO (1984) i.e. 500 mgL -1 . The level of chloride is noted more in pre rainy season.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS):
The TSS is one of the most important water quality parameter that helps in determining the suitability of water used for different purpose the highest level of TSS was observed at the Kurla 87 mgL -1 and the lowest at the civil line 62 mgL -1 whereas in post rainy season similar pattern was revised the highest level of TSS was observed at the Kurla 85.45 mgL -1 and the lowest at the civil line 53.71 mgL -1 and average of TSS was 74.33 mgL -1 . The increase in the quantity of TSS during summer season was also observed by Gupta et al., (2011).  (Gupta et al., 2009). The range of total dissolve solid was observed between 180 to 92.2 mgL -1 in pre rainy season, the highest range was found at the site Civil line and the lowest was noted at the B. Gawn while the average of the pre rainy season within the city from the selected sites was found 140.32 mgL -1 . In the post rainy season it was observed in the range of 177.9-89.92 mgL -1 whereas it was also noted that at all the sites there was slightly decreasing in the TDS concentration during the post rainy season.

Iron (Fe):
The high intake of Fe in human cause miss regulation of metabolism in the Center Nervous System (CNS) it can cause several neuro-generative disorders (Chandra et al., 2014). The range of Fe was noted 0.07-0.08 mgL -1 in pre rainy season and the highest level was observed at the site P. Nagari and Harthal. In post rainy season it was observed 0.05-0.08 mgL -1 . The remarkable decrease was noted at the site B. Gawn while on the other hand at site P. Nagari same amount was noted as in pre rainy season.

Conclusion:-
After the analysis of some water quality parameter of ground at Moradabad city from different selected sites, it is concluded that water is suitable for drinking purpose in both the pre rainy and post rainy season, the tested samples revealed that the ion like Ca ++ , Cl -, Fe are within the permissible limit and level of oxygen also specify that the microbial activity of the tested sample is also appropriate for the drinking purpose. The TSS and TDS level observed within the permissible limit as given by IS (1991) and WHO (1984)