ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Abstract


Introduction:-
Wireless Sensor Network is made of minute devices called as Sensor nodes. The conditions like heat, Pressure, Vibration etc. are measured and monitored by Sensor nodes [1]. These monitored and measured information are then forwarded towards a static sink. Direct transmission to sink is not a good way of communication. Because it leads to unbalanced energy load distribution. So clustering Protocols are mainly designed for WSNs to improve data aggregation mechanism, Balance distribution of the energy load among sensor node. [3][4][5][6].It will increase the lifetime of Network. The clustering protocols are widely vary on nodes deployment, the network and radio models and network architecture. Suppose the sink is static sensors around that sink are acts as convey nodes, so they deplete their energy quickly resulting energy holes. This problem [7][8][9][10][11][12] leads to an early disconnection of the network so sink is isolated from the other nodes because death of its neighboring nodes. Hence mobile sink is normally accepted as an effective way to remove this problem. The network lifetime is also increases because its avoid the excessive transmission overhead at nodes that are close to the sink. Mobile sink Based Adaptive Immune Energy-Efficient clustering protocol is used to overcome the Energy hole problem.

Literature Survey:-
Many clustering Protocols for typical WSNs, which is consists of sensor nodes and static sink. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy [LEACH] is the first clustering Protocol [4]. The LEACH Protocol is randomly select the cluster head that is the drawback of this protocol. Genetic Algorithm based LEACH [LEACH-GA] is proposed [5], drawback of this protocol is, During Cluster Head Selection Process residual energy of the each node is not considered. The Intelligent Agent-based Routing [IAR] is proposed to develop the efficient data delivery [8]. In this Protocol chooses some sensors as agents. Sink moves near an agent and receives data, if it is in the range of agent. It is not in the range of the Agent it does not receives the data. The Mobile Sink based Routing Protocol [MSRP] and Mobile Sink Improved Energy-Efficient PEGASIS-Based routing protocol [MIEEPB] in these protocols [10] mobile sink always follows some path and stops at some fixed temporary locations. Sensors near the fixed temporary locations dissipate their energy faster than other nodes. So we need to Control the movement of the mobile sink. MSIEEP Protocol during cluster head selection process distance between the member node and Cluster Head is measured. This process is done in randomly. So, we need to increase the cluster Head Selection Proposes. In turn we are going to enhance the MSIEEP Protocol.

Initial Phase:
The sink initializes the network by defining the number of nodes, the data packet size, control packet size, the size of sensing field. The connectivity between nodes and sink is always it has to be satisfied. Sink node send a request to the sensor nodes regarding ID, position Energy levels. Sensor nodes in turn send those information.
Intermediate Phase: Sink goes to the Centre of the sensing field. Cluster Head is selected usingCluster Head Selection [CHS] Algorithm. Once the Cluster Head is selected sink assigns the member nodes for each cluster. Cluster head create TDMA schedule to avoid intra-cluster collisions and CH selects a unique CDMA code to avoid inter-cluster collisions.

Set-up Phase:
The sensed data is aggregated is send to sink node if sink visits all the cluster process is end. Suppose all the nodes in the region die the process will stop.

Cluster Head Selection Algorithm:-
Step 1: Initially divide the region into an equal number of nodes.
Step 2: The Normal nodes location and mobile sinklocation on coordinate axis is find out.
Step 3: The distance between the all the Normal nodes and Sink node is calculated using Euclidian Distance formula d= sqrt [( x2 − x1 2 + y2 − y1 2.
Step 4: Find minimum distance. Initially all the nodes having the Energy. So Energy is not considered for finding the CH.
Step 5: After packet transfer Energy of the sensor nodes will be different so we consider Both Energy and Distance for finding the Cluster Head.
In this protocol, the sink is never stop at any particular locations. Its keep on moving in the Clusters so sensors around the sink changes over time. So it gives the chance to all sensors in the network to acts as covey nodes. So energy will be balanced.

Implementation Details:-
The temporary locations of the Sink node are based on minimum Energy dissipation. The cluster which is having minimum Energy dissipation in that Cluster Sink is placed. Initially Sink node is at the Centre of the Sensing field. After Packet transfer Sink find out the cluster having minimum Energy dissipation. For every 10 rounds of communication sink is reenergise. Since location of the Sink keep on changing it gives all the sensor nodes to act as relay nodes. Load balancing is also achieved.

Advantages of Mobile Sink:-
The location of Sink is changes over a time, so malicious hacker hard to know its location and damage it. So it is used in Military applications and Intrusion detection in battlefield [2]. Mobile Sink improves the network lifetime and packet drop rate. It conserve energy because data is transmitted over few hops. The number of dropped packet is also less because mobile sink closer to the sensor nodes in the sensing field. It also eliminates the Energy holes and also balance the load of data among sensors. [14] [20] Results and Discussion:-          Initially Sink is in the Centre of the Sensing field as shown in Figure1. After packet transferring, Cluster Heads are selected Figure 2. If fewer CHs in sensing field Energy efficiency will be high, so here for each cluster only one Cluster Head is selected. Sink find out that, which cluster is having less energy dissipation it will move to that cluster. Figure 3 shows sink is at the first cluster, Figure 4 shows sink is at the fourth cluster, Figure 5 shows that sink is in the third Cluster, Figure 6 shows that sink is in Second Cluster. So like that sink is keep on moving throughout the sensing field. So we can Control the movement of mobile sink, Sink is energized for every 10 rounds of communication. Suppose Sensors having less distance they can send their data to sink node and when CH depletes its whole energy Sink is behaves as CH as shown in Figure 11. CH are going to change for every round so each node gets a chance to become CH from all these aspects energy is saved inter network lifetime is increased.

Performance Measures.
In

Conclusion:-
In this paper we are enhanced the MSIEEP protocol, we are using CHS Algorithm for finding the Cluster Heads [CHs].During Cluster Head Selection Process We measure the distance between each and every mobile node and Sink node. Previously distance is measured randomly they are not consider each and every node. This protocol is more reliable and we can balance the Energy load among the nodes because of the sink locations changes over a time. Suppose the node which is closer to sink it can directly communicate with the sink node so it will save Energy. For every 10 rounds of communication Sink is reenergized. When Cluster head is in Sleep State or deplete its full energy Sink only acts like CH, it collects the data from sensor nodes and aggregated. So energy is saved intern Network lifetime is increased. We also compare the various Clustering Protocols except MSIEEP all the protocols have 0.5 J energy. MSIEEP has 0.2 J Energy, the parameters like FND, HND, and LND are compared. Figure 11, 12, 13 shows the comparison results. Here we consider MSIEEP in only 4 clusters, from these results we can show the differences between MSIEEP and ENHANCED MSIEEP. From all these aspects we enhanced the MSIEEP Protocol up to some extent.