A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEP AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF NURSING

Bhagwant Singh Clinical Instructor, KGMU College of Nursing, Lucknow, U.P. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 05 May 2020 Final Accepted: 10 June 2020 Published: July 2020

A descriptive study was undertaken to assess the Relationship between Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance among Nursing Students in selected College of Nursing, Ludhiana, Punjab. The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of sleep among nursing students, to identify academic performance of nursing students, to assess the relationship between quality of sleep and academic performance, to find out the relationship of quality of sleep and academic performance with selected variables like age, gender, type of course, type of family, residence, academic year, duration of sleep, use of technology, attendance (Clinical & Theory), Day nap. Quantitative Research Approach and non-experimental descriptive research design was used to accomplish the stated objectives.The conceptual framework was based on King's Conceptual System of Goal Attainment Theory (1981). Data was collected with the help of standardised tool named Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which was found reliable (r=0.76). 105 Subjects were chosen by simple random sampling technique. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that nursing students had good quality of sleep and good academic performance whereas there was no significant relationship between quality of sleep and academic performance. Demographic variables i.e. sleep duration had a significant impact on quality of sleep whereas gender, academic year, attendance and day nap had a significant impact on the academic performance of nursing students. Based on findings of the study guidelines were prepared on quality of sleep & distributed among nursing students.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-
Sleep is a vital physiological process. Its quality is severely related to mental and physical health and other health related criteria. The sleeping and awakening patterns in people varies according to age, type of job, physiological and mental characteristics, existence of mental diseases and some physical diseases (Giri P, Baviskar M, Phalke D, 2013) 1 A sleep deprived individual is prone for lacking concentration, being unpleasant and irritable to his co-workers and even makes gross errors in his activities. It also has a long-term effect on his body systems like the brain and the heart. (Gomes, Ana Allen, Tavares, Azevedo, Maria Helena2002) 2 Research has indicated that emerging college students are at risk for engaging in unhealthy sleep practices. Insufficient sleep and daytime sleepiness have been found to be the highest ranking sleep problem within this population is a concern for today's emerging adults, as sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality have been found to be associated with lowered cognitive performance and decreased physical and psychological well-being. ( Earlier studies in Europe and America showed pitiable sleep quality of young college students, which affect their academic growth. Sleep is an important aspect of maintenance the body circadian rhythm. Inadequate sleep contributes to heart disease, diabetes, depression, falls, accidents, impaired cognition and poor quality of life. The habit of sleeping late and sleeping less is more among nursing students due to the increased academic demands leading to effects on their health. Thus, the researcher during the study period experiment that good sleep is important for good academic performance and sleep do have influences on academic performance that why researcher wants to identify the quality of sleep among nursing students in Christian Medical College & Hospital and to assess the relationship between quality of sleep and academic performance. This study may be benefit the students by allowing them to understand relationship between quality of sleep and academic performance.

Part II: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is an effective instrument used to measure "poor" from "good" sleep by measuring seven domains: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction over the last month. The client self-rates each of these seven areas of sleep. Scoring of the answers is based on a 0 to 3 scale, whereby 3 reacts the negative extreme on the Likert Scale (Buysse DJ, 1989) 5 .

Part III: Academic Performance
Percentage of marks in university exam (last year)

Reliability of the tool:
Reliability was computed and calculated using Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation and spearman's Brown Prophecy formula. The reliability of the tool was 0.768. Hence, the tool was reliable.

Results:-
The analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Finding related to sample characteristics:
Majority of the nursing students were in age group of 18-22 years and they were female students and from BSc (N), maximum subjects were from 3rd year. Maximum students belong to nuclear family and majority were hostellers. Maximum students have sleep duration of 7-9 hours, watch TV 1-2 hours, internet use >3 hours, mobile use >3 hours, total technology use < 6 hours, maximum take day nap and majority have > 90% attendance. (Table 1)

Findings related to assessment of Quality of Sleep among Nursing Students:
According to quality of sleep majority of Nursing Students (67.62%) were having good Quality of Sleep and 32.38% had poor Quality of Sleep ( Fig. 1)

Findings related to assessment of Academic Performance of Nursing Students:
According to levels of academic performance majority of nursing students (57.14%) were having good academic performance, followed by below average (35.83%). 4.76% had excellent and 1.90% had average Academic Performance. (Fig. 2)

Findings related to the relationship between Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance:
There is no relation between quality of sleep and academic performance ( Table 2)

Findings related to relationship between Quality of Sleep with Selected Variables:
Mean quality of sleep score was high among students with sleep duration 4-6 hours (6.40) followed by >9 hours (5.22) followed by 7-9 hours (5.19). Sleep duration had significant impact on quality of sleep. (Fig. 3) Findings related to relationship between Academic Performance with Selected Variables: 1. Mean academic performance score was high among female students (49.32) as compared to male (24.86).
Gender had significant impact on academic performance. (Table 3) 2. Mean academic performance score was high among hosteller (48.95) as compared to day scholar (37.25).
Residence had significant impact on academic performance. (Fig. 4) 3. Mean academic performance score was high among fourth year (61) followed by third year (37.50) followed by second year nursing students (36.50). Academic Year had significant impact on academic performance. (Table  4) 4. Mean academic performance score was high among students who had 80-89% attendance (53.39) followed by >90% (47.99). Attendance had significant impact on academic performance. (Fig. 5) 5. Mean academic performance score was high among students taking day nap (50.47) as compared to not taking day nap (35.64). Day nap had significant impact on academic performance. (Fig. 6) Section -I: Socio demographic variables of sample

KEY
Mulazim Hussain Bukhari (2013) 7 who found that there is no significance among two variable sleep pattern and academic performance of medical students.Study done by Raphael, Gilbert odille (2014) 8 was contradictory to present study which shows that there was positive correlation between sleep quality and academic performance. Study results AK. Abrbag , M Dresler , S. Nicdrmaier (2012) 9 revealed that poor sleep quality may negative impact on test performance, these results are also contradictory to present research study .
Present study revealed that the maximum mean academic performance score was maximum (49.32) as compared to males (24.86). But the difference in mean academic performance score was found statistically non-significant. This was supported by S.H. Cheng et al (2012) 10 who states thatfemale have good academic performance than male students. Nursing students who had 80-90% attendance had maximum mean academic performance score as compared to those with attendance 70-79%. The findings are supported by Ella R.E, Akpabio& Samson Akpan (2015) 11 study affirms the fact that class attendance influence academic performance of students. So, attendance influenced academic performance of nursing students.