Biotransformation of Tolbutamide into 4?-Hydroxytolbutamide by Macrophomina phaseolina and Plant cell culture.

Biocatalysis can be an alternative tool to study the mammalian in-vivo drug metabolites; biotransformation of tolbutamide (anti-diabetic drug) was carried out with Macrophomina phaseolina and a plant cell culture, In our case study Macrophomina phaseolina and Plant cell culture has been first time explored to produce 4?-Hydroxytolbutamide metabolite, The structure of biotransformed product was characterized by using various advanced spectroscopic techniques, including 1D 1H-NMR, 2D homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear (1H-1H NMR (COSY, NOESY), (1H-13C NMR) HSQC and HMBC), 13C-NMR, I.R, U.V and mass spectrometery techniques, the structure was finally confirmed by HREI-MS / HRFab-MS techniques. 4?-Hydroxytolbutamide mimics with the mammalian drug metabolite too, which was clearly showed that biotransformation by using microbes as well as plant cell culture can be an alternative tool to study drug metabolites of any nature (active drug to active metabolite, active drug to inactive metabolite, inactive drug to active metabolite and, active drug to toxic metabolite) for drug-drug interactions and toxicological studies.