NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND INTAKES IN THE BURN VICTIM IN OUR CONTEXT: A STATE OF PLAY

Nutrition in burns is a separate entity and an integral part of treatment. The internal route should be favored because several studies report on its effectiveness and the benefits it brings: it preserves the secretion of gastrin, preserves intestinal motility, it prevents intestinal damage of the Ischemia-reperfusion type, increases intestinal permeability, it decreases the secretion of endotoxins and mediators of inflammation, and keeps the mucous barrier functional. The main objective of our study was to assess the nutritional needs and intakes of the patients taken care of within our resuscitation of burns, both quantitatively and qualitatively then to draw recommendations for improving their supported. We included 60 burned patients in our study. We included 60 burned patients in our study. All of our patients had a SCB greater than 20% at admission. The average interval between burns and the start of feeding is 1 day and 6 hours post burn. The enteral route is the route of choice in our series with 96% of patients being fed orally. Nutritional requirements are calculated using formulas recommended by the ESPN guide. The calculated needs are greater than the contributions actually received, especially during the first 3 days after burning. The overall consumption of ingestants is reduced in children while normal consumption is found in adults. Adults eat nutrients fairly orally, while children eat less meat and starch, and prefer dairy products and easy-to-drink fluid solutions. Most patients required supplementation such as powder and liquid solution in order to arrive as needed calculated. 70% of our patients presented with digestive intolerance which was based on nausea, loss of appetite and transit disorder a type of constipation. Weight losses of up to 15% of the initial weight have been observed in our series in both adults and children. It is very difficult for severe burns to provide enough calories orally, especially during the acute burn phase.