CONTRIBUTION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EXTENT OF BLADDER CANCER AT THE MOTHER-CHILD UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CENTER LE LUXEMBOURG

Objective: Our study aimed to study the contribution of CT scanning in the assessment of the spread of bladder cancers at the Medical Imaging Department of the Mother-Child University Hospital Center Luxembourg.

Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the Mother-Child University Hospital Center Luxembourg, in the Medical Imaging department in collaboration with the Medical Oncology department. It included 91 cases of bladder tumors over a 38-month period from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2023.

Results : We collected 91 cases of bladder tumors, the average age of occurrence was 55.86 years, with extremes of 21 and 80 years. The male gender was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.46. The Bambara ethnic group was the most represented with 41.8%. The dominant profession was that of housewives with a rate of 36.3%. A history of urinary bilharzia was found in 30.8% of our patients. On CT, the masses had a hypodense appearance in 81.3% and 5.5% were calcified the contours were irregular in 57.1% of cases and budding in 41.8% of cases. The masses presented heterogeneous enhancement in 59.3% of cases after PDC injection and the long axis measurement varied from 11 to 116 mm with an average of 37.35 mm. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type with 60.4%, followed by urothelial carcinoma (35.2%). Locoregional invasion was mainly perivesical fat in 24.2% of cases, the prostate in 16.5% of cases and the cervix in 13.2% of cases. Distant metastases were present in 45.1% of patients with a pulmonary predominance, i.e. 22% of cases. Stages T4 and T3 were the most represented with 42.9% and 35.2% of cases respectively. Stage N2 represented 31.9% of cases and stage N1 represented 16.5% of cases.

Conclusion : Bladder cancers are more common in men than in women. Urinary schistosomiasis is the predominant risk factor in endemic countries. Locoregional invasion is more frequent and predominates at the perivesical fat level. Pulmonary metastases are more common.