A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM SURGERY

Background: Hyperactivity of the parathyroid gland is a major abnormality that can lead to bone loss and other serious disorders. For effective treatment, some preoperative approaches such as computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and nuclear medicine imaging tests exist.

Methodology: The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines, encompassing a thorough search of key databases (2008-2020) using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria emphasized diagnostic test design, primary hyperparathyroidism population, noninvasive imaging methods, comparative analyses, and histopathologic validation. Quality assessment utilized the QUADAS-2 tool, and data extraction was comprehensive, covering the study, participant characteristics, imaging techniques, and diagnostic metrics.

Results: Of the 14 selected papers, CT Scan, ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear medicine imaging test/ sestamibi scanning are highly cited and better preoperative localization techniques than others. The success rate of CT scans in preoperative localization in surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism had a wide range of 58 – 93%.

Conclusion: All the localization techniques have different success rates when used for preoperative localization in surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. CT scan and MRI showed the highest success rate among all. Education in terms of effectiveness causes the least to no harm to the human body, must keep the cost affordable for the patients, how this therapeutic approach increases patient satisfaction, and how this approach assists in surgical planning should be considered.