20Mar 2017

Assessment of Physico chemical changes in Nigeen lake.

  • P.G. Dept. of Environmental Science, S.P. College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India-190001.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

A study of the water quality changes of NigeenLake was conducted for 6 months, which began in August 2010to Feburary 2011. Three sampling stations were selected representing the different areas in the lake. A total of 11 water quality parameters were measured. The physical and chemical variables were temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, turbidity, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and ortho- phosphate . Due to siltation, encroachment and pollution the lake has become shallower and the lake shore has turned into marsh at various places.The higher ranges for Sp. Conductance (192-560 µScm-1 @ 250c), Total-Alkalinity (106-435 mgI-¹), Calcium (29.6-44 mgI-¹), Nitrate-Nitrogen (275-931 µgI-¹), Ammonical-Nitrogen (38-360 µgI-¹), Total-Phosphorus (122-722 µgI-¹) which exceed the permissible limits is a cause of concern. Hence, the water quality is found to be poor due to increased anthropogenic pressures from the catchment area.


  1. Adnan Abubakr and M.R.D. Kundangar.(2005). Bacterial dynamics of Dal Lake, a Himalayan temperate freshwater lake.Env.Poll.Tech.Vol4,PP291-298.
  2. Adnan Abubakar and M.R.D. Kundangar.(2009). Three decades of Dal Lake pollution-Restoration.Env and Cons.15(4) PP 825-833
  3. Adnan Abubakar. (2010). Sanative role of Macrophytes in Aquatic Ecosystems. Env. Poll.Tech.Vol9(4) PP 654-662
  4. (1993). Action Plan on Dal Lake and Nigeen lake conservation J&K UEED.
  5. (1998). Technical report on Dal lake J&K lakes and Waterways Authority Srinagar.
  6. (1999). Tech. Report on Dal Lake J&K LAWDA Sgr.
  7. (2000). Tech. Report on Dal Lake J&K LAWDA Sgr.
  8. (2009). Monitoring of Dal-Nigeen lakes and other water bodies-A status report for May-July-2009 J&K PCB.
  9. APHA, AAWA. WPEF.(1997). Standard Methods for the Examination of water and waste water.21st edition Washington D.C.
  10. Ashok, K. Pandit, J.A. Javeed and AnjumBanday. (2006). Current limnology of Dal Lake in Trends In Bio-diversity & Aqua culture. edit. A. Wanganeo. Langer
  11. De-Terra,H. and Paterson T.T. (1939). Studies in the ice-age in India and associated human culture. Carnegie Inst. Washington, D.C.
  12. Dianella, G. (1992). Studies sulGlaciale sped. Ital de fillipi.Res.sci 3.
  13. Drew, F. (1875).The Jammu and Kashmir territories London.
  14. Edmonson W.T. and Hutchinson,G.E. (1939). Report on Rolatoria. Conn.Acad.10: 153-186.
  15. E(1978). Pollution of Dal lake.Enex of New Zelandinc.
  16. Golter, C. R., and Clymo, R. S. (1969).Method for chemical analysis for fresh waters.IBP Handbook.Blackwell Scientific Pub. Oxford.
  17. Gupta, P. K., (2004). Methods in environmental analysis Agrobios (India) Jodhpur.
  18. Hassan, G.S. (1885). Tarikhi-Hassan Vol.1 Directorate of Research and Publications Srinagar (Rep.1954).
  19. HumariaQadri and A.R. Yousf.(2004). Macro zoo-benthos in Nigeen Lake. of Res & Dev. Vol 4.CORD, Univ. of Kashmir.
  20. Kachroo,and B.L. Suri . (1987). A decade of pollution in Dal Lake Kashmir.Of env.Biology.AEB and Symp.
  21. Kango, R.A., Dubey,K.PZutshi,D.P. (1987). Sediment chemistry of Kashmir Himalayan Lake.Clay Mineralogy chemical. 64;121-126.
  22. Kant, Shahsi and P.Kachroo.(1977). Limnological studies in Kashmir lakes.Hydrobiological features, composition and periodicity of phytoplankton in the Dal and Nigeen lakes Phykos 16:77-97.
  23. Kaul, V. Trisal C.L. and Kaul, S. (1980). Mineral removal potential of some macrophytes in two lakes of Kashmir.Ind. Bot.Soc. 59:108-118
  24. Kundangar,M.R.D. (1973). Limnological data of Dal and Nigeenlake during 1971-1972 (unpublished).
  25. Kundangar ,M.R.D.,S.G. Sarwar and M.A. Shah. (1995). Hydro biological features of Nigeen lake 1992-1993.tech report no 3(B) Hydrobiology Res.labS.P.CollegeSgr.
  26. Kundangar ,M.R.D. and S.G. Sarwar. (1997). A monograph on Dal Lake UEED J&K Govt.
  27. Kundangar, M.R.D. (1999). “Is water quality at pokhribal-nigeen fit for potable purposes” ? Nat. seminar on fish & their env. (abst) P.G. Deptt. Of zoology Univ. of Kashmir.
  28. Kundangar,M.R.D. and Adnan Abubakar. (2004). Thirty years of ecological Research on Dal Lake Kashmir. of Res and Dev. Vol. 4.Univ.Of Kashmir.
  29. Kundangar,M.R.D. and Adnan Abubakar . (2006). Comprative limnology of Himalayan Dal Lake Kashmir in Wanganeo and R.K. Langer Ed. Trends of biodiversity and aqua culture .Daya publishing House, Delhi.
  30. Lawrence, R.W. (1895). The valley of Kashmir Oxford university Press.
  31. Mackereth, F. J. H. (1963). Water analysis for limnologist.Fresh water biology association, 21:70 pp.
  32. S. Murtaza, M. A. Aziz, S. M. Fazshi Ah. and S. A. Hassan. (2010). Physico-chemical characteristics of Dal Lake water, temperate Conditions of Kashmir.(forestry Nepal.Org).
  33. SameeraSiraj, A.R. Yousuf and Muni Parveen. (2003). Impact of floating gardens on the water quality and Cladocera population. Res and Dev. Vol4 Univ.Of Kashmir.
  34. Sarwar, S.G. A.R. Naqashi and G.R.Mir . (1996). Impact of floating gardens on the limnological features of Dal Lake poll. 15(3):217-221.
  35. Sarwar, S.G. M.A. Shah and P.A.Raashid.(1999). Variations in the hydro biological characteristics of Nigeen Lake.Fifth national Seminar on fish and their environment.(Abst) P.G. Deptt. Of Zoology Univ.Of Kashmir.
  36. Trisal, C.L (1987). Ecology and Conservation of Dal Lake Kashmir.Butterworth and Co. Pub.co.
  37. Urfi,S. (1985). Physical, chemical and trace metal analysis of Dal Lake.Phill dissertation, Univ.Of Kmr.
  38. Vass,K.K.Zutshi,D.P. (1979). Limnological studies on Dal Lake.Morphometry and Physical features. Ind.fish.Soc.India.(11)-12-20.
  39. Vass,K.K. Zutshi,D.P. (1983). Energy flow, trophic evolution and ecosystem management of a Kashmir Himalayan Lake Arch. Hydrobiology, 9:39-59.
  40. Wadia, D.N. (1947). Geology of India McMillan,U.K.
  41. A R. Wanganeo.(1994). Hydraulic detention period carrying capacity of a system J.hydrobiol. 10(1)1-6
  42. Zutshi, D.P. (1968). Ecology of some Kashmir lakes Ph.D. Thesis J&K university (unpublished).
  43. Zutshi, D.P. and Vass K.K. (1973).Variation in water quality of some Kashmir lakes. Ecol. 14:182-196.
  44. Zutshi, D.P. and Khan, M.A. (1978).On lake topology of Kashmir. Physiol. Ecol. Plants:465-472.
  45. Zutshi, D.P. and M.R.D. Kundangar.(1983). Modification In physical and chemical environment of Dal Lake national workshop on conservation of Dal lake.15-17 (Abst) CORD Univ.Of Kashmir.
  46. Zutshi, D.P. and A. Wanganeo.(1988). Nutrient dynamics and trophic statues of Kashmir lakes sciCongr. Jubilee Session Pun.

[Shariqa Maryam. (2017); Assessment of Physico chemical changes in Nigeen lake. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (Mar). 225-236] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


Shariqa Maryam
P. G. Dept. of Environmental Science, S.P. College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India-190001

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/3506      
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/3506