02Mar 2018

THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION BY QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS OFFICERS ON TEACHERS INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCES IN SCHOOLS

  • Solomon Gitonga Mwaniki; Assistant Lecturer, Mount Kenya University P. O. Box, 6096-00300, Nairobi.
  • Hellen Kiende Guantai (PhD); Lecturer, Kenyatta University P. O. Box, 43844-00100, Nairobi.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

The primary function of external instructional supervision of teachers is to establish the status of instruction among teachers and consequently improve it. The gist of this study was to examine the influences that instructional supervision by Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASOs) has had on the teachers? instructional competences in Nairobi and Machakos Counties, Kenya. The study sought to find out whether QASOs instructional supervisory activities in public schools had enhanced teachers?; pedagogical skills, ability to use available instructional materials while teaching, and ability to conduct effective internal evaluation and assessment of pupils. From a target population of 21 QASOs, 360 School principals and 1095 Heads of Departments (HoDs), the study sampled; 110 School principals, 329 Heads of Departments and 21 QASOs . Questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect data from the respondents. The study revealed that QASOs? instructional supervisory practices in schools had improved teachers? instructional competences in assessment and evaluation of pupils. However, hardly had QASOs? instructional supervisory practices improved teachers? pedagogic skills, and their ability in preparation and utilization of teaching aids while teaching. The study therefore recommends that MoEST should organize comprehensive capacity building trainings for QASOs in the domains of pedagogy and instructional materials.


  1. Aaronson, D., L. Barrow, and W. Sander (2007) ?Teachers and student achievement in the Chicago public high schools?, Journal of Labor Economics, 25(1), 95?135.
  2. Akinwumi, F. S. (2002): Mode of supervision and teacher productivity. Nigerian Journal of Clinical and Counseling Psychology.8(2) 219-228.
  3. Baker, E. et al. (2010). Problems with the use of student test scores to evaluate teachers. Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper. Retrieved from the Economic Policy Institute Web site.?23/10/2012
  4. Ballantyne, R., & Packer, J. (2009). Introducing a fifth pedagogy: Experience-based strategies for facilitating learning in natural environments. Environmental Education Research, 15(2), 243-262)
  5. Beeby, C.E. (2010). The quality of education in developing countries. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
  6. Card, K., Jr.(2006). Secondary teachers? attitudes toward important and existing classroom observation practices that promote instructional leadership. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dowling College.
  7. Christenson, S. L., Sinclair, M.F., Lehr, C. A., & Godber, Y. (2001). Promoting successful school completion: Critical conceptual and methodological guidelines. School Psychology Quarterly, 16, 468-484.
  8. Desimone, L. M., Smith, T. M., & Frisvold, D. E. (2009). Survey measures of classroom instruction: Compairing students and teachers reports. Educational Policy OnlineFirst, dol:
  9. Ehlers,U.D., (2009). ?Understanding Quality Culture? in Quality Assurance in Education. 17. 343-363.
  10. Elmore, R.F., & Associates (Eds.). (1990). Restructuring schools: The next generation of educational reform. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  11. Flora, K. O., (2014). Relationship between Instructional Supervisory Practices by Principals and Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 19(11) Ver. III (Nov. 2014), PP 27-31 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.www.iosrjournals.org
  12. Ghanney, R.A., (2008). The Use of Instructional Materials in the Teaching and Learning of Environmental Studies in Primary Schools: A Case Study of Winneba. International Journal of Educational Research 4 (1) 2008: pp. 135-140
  13. Ginsberg, A. (2003). Elementary teachers attitudes toward existing and desired classroom observation practices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dowling College.
  14. Hawes, H. and Stephens, D. (1990). Questions of Quality: Primary education and development: Harlow: Longman.
  15. Ikegbusi, N., & Eziamaka C. (2016) The Impact of Supervision of Instruction on Teacher Effectiveness in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Education & Technology (IJARET) Vol. 3, Issue 3 (July - Sept. 2016)
  16. Kayaoglu,M.N. (2012). Dictating or facilitating: The supervisory process of language teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(10), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1422/ajte.2012v37n10
  17. Kristen, M. S. (2007). The European Education Quality Benchmark System: helping teachers to work with information to sustain change. European Journal of education, 42(3) 2007
  18. Kutsyuruba, B. (2003). Instructional supervision: Perceptions of Canadian and Ukrainian beginning? high-school eachers? (Master?s thesis).? Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan. [online]? http://library2.usask.ca/theses
  19. Middleton, M. J., & Midgely, C. (2002). Beyond motivation: Middle school students? perceptions of press for understanding in math. contemporarily educational psychology, 27(3), 373-391
  20. Modebelu, M.N. (2008). Supervisory behavior and teacher satisfaction in secondary schools. Nigerian Journal of Educational Management, 7(1), 1-1
  21. Mwaura, G. (2014) The Role Of Quality Assurance And Standard Officers In Promoting Education In Private Secondary Schools In Limuru District, Kiambu County. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis. Kenyatta University.
  22. Njiru, P. (2014) Efficiency in resource utilization in primary schools in Kenya: A case of Gatundu North District, Kiambu County, Kenya. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis. Kenyatta University.
  23. Olawole, O. O. (2009). Perceived influence of supervision of instruction on teachers? classroom performance in Ijebu- North education zone of Ogun state, Nigeria. Unpublished M.ed Thesis. University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  24. Okoro, N. J. (2004) The Role of Sex in Education Achievement. Journal of eachers Perspective. Benin:Vol. 4(2) pp. 12-14.
  25. Ormond, T. (2004). Key Information Interview. Christchurch: For Ministry of Education- Special Education
  26. Pajak, E., & Arrington, A. (2004). Empowering a Profession: Rethinking the Roles of Administrative Evaluation and Instructional Supervision in Improving Teacher Quality. Yearbook of The National Society For The Study of Education, 103(1), 228-252.
  27. Saglam, H. I. (2011). An investigation on teaching materials used in social studies lesson. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology ?January 2011, volume 10 Issue 1. Accessed on 30th September, 2011
  28. Servet, C. (2011). Characteristics and Competencies for Teacher Educators: Addressing the Need for Improved Professional Standards in Turkey Australian Journal of Teacher Education.
  29. Sergiovanni, T. & Starratt, R. (2007). Supervision: A redefinition. (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hil
  30. Shouse, 1996). Shouse, R.C. (1996). Academic press and sense of community: Conflict and congruence in America high schools. Research in Sociology of Education and Socialisation. 11, 173-202
  31. Sule, Mary, A., Ameh, Eyiene, Egbai, & Mercy, (2015) Instructional Supervisory Practices and Teachers? Role Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Calaba r South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria ournal of Education and Practice iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.6, No.23, 2015
  32. Tabby, W. (2005) Effectiveness of instructional supervisory practices of school quality assurance and standards officers in public secondary schools in Nairobi Province Unpublished Med Thesis, Kenyatta University
  33. Tyagi, R. (2011) Academic Supervision in Secondary Schools: School-Base Approach for Quality Management. National University of Educational Planning and Administration 17-B, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi-110016 (INDIA)
  34. Romano, Vincent A., Jr. (2014). Secondary teachers? and their supervisors? perceptions of current and desired observation practices. Global Education Review, 1 (3). 135-146
  35. (2006). Literacy: The core of education for all. Paris: UNESCO.
  36. Walker, J.W. (2016). Supervision of instruction and school management. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co
  37. Wendy, H. (2005). Supervision: Using the evidence to support our practice. Weaving educational threads. 6(2).
  38. Wentzel, K. R. (1997). Student motivation in middle school: The role of perceived pedagogical caring. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 411-419
  39. Zepeda, S. J. (2007). Instructional supervision: Applying tools and concepts. [Online] www.eyeoneducation.com/

[Solomon Mwaniki and Hellen Guantai. (2018); THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION BY QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS OFFICERS ON TEACHERS INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCES IN SCHOOLS Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Mar). 220-231] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


Solomon Gitonga Mwaniki
Assistant Lecturer; Mount Kenya University

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/6670      
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6670