Analysis of Offline E-cash Schemes

If we construct e-cash scheme, the main motivation is to stop users’ malicious insiders. Players such as banks might have vital and secret information of the users; the insiders in the un-trusted banks can become threats to e-cash schemes. Many authors in this regard study the security of the e-cash schemes but many of them insufficient. In this paper, we review the security of offline anonymous e-cash schemes and study the potential useful counter measures of anti-malicious actions.