Effect of plant growth regulators on protein banding profile of some higher plants in relation to mitotic activity and the total abnormalities

Effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) which is a growth retardantand benzyladenine (BA) that is a growth regulator on mitotic index, total abnormalities and protein banding profile of two different plant species was investigated.Two speciestreated with MHincluded Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and Allium cepa (onion), whileNigella sativa L. (Black seed) and Allium cepa (onion) species was treated by BA. Three concentrations of maleic hydrazide and benzyladenine (15, 35 and 55 ppm) were applied for 6 and 48h. The treatments of root tips and germinated seeds of T. foenum-graecum and A. cepawithMHshowed an inhibitory effect on cell division in root tips of both plants and caused a decrease in their mitotic index values and induced changes in the numbers and intensity of protein bandsas compared with untreated germinated seeds. Our results, also, showed thatthe applied concentrations of BA appeared a promotor effect on cell division in root tips of N. sativa and A. cepaand caused an increased in their mitotic index values. These increments in the mitotic activity werecorrelated with marked changes in protein profile, included alterations in band intensity, disappearance of some bands and appearance of new other bands of protein banding patterns, as compared with the negative control.Both of MH and BA were found to be more effective in appearance a new bands (6 and 7) than disappearance of some bands for T. foenum-graecum and N. sativa at 15 ppm for 6h, respectively.For A. cepa, the great number of new bands (10 and 6) was induced after treatment of root tips with high concentration of MH (55 ppm) and lower concentration of BA (15 ppm), respectively for 48 hours.Thus, the application of lowest concentration of BA (15 ppm) could be useful in improvement of seed germination and seedling growth with lowest value of chromosomal abnormalities.