18Jan 2018

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CADMIUM ACCUMULATION AND SOIL EC (A CASE STUDY OF FIVE AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS).

  • College of Education, Kangere Bauchi Bauchi state, Nigeria.
  • Department of Chemistry, Facaulty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi state, Nigeria.
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

This study was conducted with soils samples from five mechanic workshops within Bauchi metropolis with a view to examine the relationship between Cd and the electrical conductivity in these soils. Resulting coefficient of correlation established a linear relationship between the both variables, with R2 of between 0.869 ? 0.955 in all the study sites. Three different models (Linear, Logarithmic and quadratic models) were developed were found to suit the data obtained from the correlation between Cd and soil EC. Regression models obtained can be used to predict the impact of Cd in the various workshops.


  1. Abechi, E. S., Okunola, O. J., Zubairu, S. J., Usman, A. A., Apene, A. (2010) Evaluation of Heavy metals in roadside soils of major streets in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2(6): 98 ? 102.
  2. Abdus-Salam, N. and Adekola, F. A. (2005) The Influence of pH and Adsorbent Concentration on Adsorption of Lead and Zinc on a Natural Goethite. African Journal of Science and Technology (AJST) Science and Engineering Series, 6 (2): 55 ? 66.
  3. Adams, S., Richard, A., Samuel, J. A., Kwabena, A. N., Eric, A., Eric, O. A. (2015) Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination In Soils Around Auto Mechanic Workshop Clusters In Central Agricultural Station, Kumasi-Ghana. Applied Research Journal, 2015, 2: 12 ? 19.
  4. Adelekan, B. A and Alawode, A. O. (2011) Concentrations of Muncipal refuse dumps to heavy metals concentrations in soil profile and ground water Ibadan. Nigeria. J. Appl. , 40:2727-2737.
  5. Alkorta, J. H., Becerril, J. M., Amezaga, I., Albizu, I., and Garbisu, C. (2004) Recent findings on the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with environmentally toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as zinc, cadmium, lead, and arsenic. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 3: 71?90,
  6. Arinola, O. G. and Akinbinu, M. O. (2006) The levels of antioxidants and some trace metals in Nigerians that are occupationally exposed to chemicals. India journal of occupational and environment medicine, 10 (2): 65-68.
  7. Armstrong, J. S. (2012) Illusion in Regression Analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 28 (3): 689
  8. P. U., Luke, U., Erick, O., Clifford, O. K. and Austine, O. (2013) Modelling Lateral Distribution of Heavy Metal and Bio-accumulation in Earthworm in the Varying Acidic Surface Horizon of Waste- Polluted Soil. International Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(2): 45-54.
  9. Ayodele, R. I. and Modupe, D. (2008) Heavy metals contamination of topsoil and dispersion in the vicinities of reclaimed auto-repair workshops in Iwo, Nigeria. Bull.Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 22(3): 339-348.
  10. Banat, K. M., Hawari, F. M. and Al Hamad, A. A. (2004) Heavy metals in urban soils of central Jordan: should we worry about their environmental risks? Environ. Res., 97(3):258-273.
  11. Alloway, B. J. (1996) Cadmium. In: Heavy metals in soils, B. J. Alloway (Eds.), New York, NY: John Wiley and sons, Inc, pg. 100.
  12. Demie, G. (2015) Analyzing soil contamination status in?garage and?auto mechanical workshops of?Shashemane City: implication for?hazardous waste management. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 31(2A): 147-158.
  13. Duffus J. H. (1980), Environmental Toxicology (Resource and environmental science. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London, pp 68-78.
  14. L., Anbang, S., Mingyi, L. and Xiaoran Z. (2013) Effect of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and flow rate of overlying water on heavy metals released from storm sewer sediments. Journal of chemistry, 2013: 1 ? 11.
  15. Ihenyen, A. E. and Aghimen, A. E. (2005) A study of trace heavy metal levels in Warri soils and vegetables, Southern Nigeria. Ecoserve Publishers, 1 (1): 9.
  16. Ilemobayo, O. and Kolad, I. (2008) Profile of heavy metals from automobile workshops in Akure, Nigeria. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1: 19-26
  17. Iwegbue, C. M. A., Isirimah, N. O., Igwe, C. and Williams, E. (2006) Characteristic levels of heavy metals in soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps in Nigeria. Environmentalist, 26: 123 -128.
  18. Iyabo, O. , James, O. O. and Osibanjo, O. (2015) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Some Physicochemical Parameters in Soil of Major Industrial Dumpsites in Akure Township, Ondo State of South Western Nigeria. International Journal of Chemistry, 7(1): 55-61.
  19. Jaynes, D. B., Novak. J. M., Moorman, T. B. and Cambardella, C. A. (1995) Estimating herbicide partition coeficients from electromagnetic induction measurements. J. Environ. Qual., 24: 36-41.
  20. Kadirvelu, K. and Namasivayam, C. (2003) Activated Carbon from cocnut coirpith as metal adsorbent of Cd from aqueous solution. Advance in Environmental Research, 2003, 7: 471 ? 478.
  21. Kaffka, S. R., Lesch, S. M., Bali, K. M. and Corwin, D. L. (2005) Site-specific management in salt-affected sugar beat fields using electromagnetic induction. Comput. Electron. Agric.,46: 329-350.
  22. Lehoczky, E,, Marth, P., Szabados, I., Palkovics, M. and Luka? cs, P. (2000) Influence of soil factors on the accumulation of cadmium by lettuce. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 31: 2425? 2431
  23. Lenntech (2011) Cadmium (Cd) - Chemical properties, health and environmental effects. htt://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cd.htm
  24. Mankin, K. and Karthikeyan, R. (2002) Field assessment of saline seep remediation using electromagnetic induction. Trans. ASAE., 45(1): 99-107.
  25. Mogull, R. G. (2004) Second-Semester Applied Statistics. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, pp.59.
  26. Motsara, M. R. and Roy, R. N. (2008). Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient Foodand Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) Fertilizer And Plant Nutrition Bulletin, Rome.,19, 36 ? 37.
  27. Nawrot, T., Plusquin, M. and Hogervorst, J. (2006) Environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of cancer: a prospective population-based study. Lancet Oncol., 7(2): 119-126.
  28. Nor, W. A. Z. N., Syakirah, A. M., Saffaatul, H. and Wan, A. A. W. A. (2012) Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil due to Human Activities in Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 12(6): 28-33.
  29. Nwachukwu, H. A., Feng, H. and Alinnor J (2010) Assessment of heary metal pollution in soil and their implications within and around mechanic villages. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 7 (2): 347-358.
  30. Odoh, R., Agbaji, E. B., and Kagbu, J. A. (2011). Assessment of Trace Metals Pollution in Auto-Mechanic Workshop in Some Selected Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria International Journal of Chemistry. International Journal of Chemistry,3(4): 78? 88.
  31. Ojiako, E. N and Okonkwo, M. N (2013) Analysis of heavy metals in soil of mechanic workshop in Onitsha metropolis. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(1): 79-81.
  32. Okeke, C. U., Ekanem, E. O., Harami, A. M. (2014) Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Mechanic Workshops. International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research, 2 (1): 58-65.
  33. Ololade, I. A. (2014) An Assessment of Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soils within Auto-Mechanic Workshops Using Enrichment and Contamination Factors with Geoaccumulation Index. Journal of Environmental Protection,5: 970-982.
  34. Omran, E. S. and El Razek, (2012) Mapping and risk assessment of Heavy Metals concentrations of the Bahr El ? Baker Region, Egypt. J. Soil Environ. Manag., 6 (7): 182 ? 195
  35. Onweremadu, E. U. and Duruigbo, C. E. (2007) Assessment of Cd concentration of crude oil polluted arable soil. International Jorunal of Environmental Science Technology, 4 (3): 409 ? 412.
  36. Osakwe, S. A. (2014) Heavy metal contamination and physicochemical characteristics of soils from automobile workshops in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2(4): 48-58.
  37. Parven, N., Bashar, M. A. and Quraishi, S. B. (2009) Bioaccumulation of Heavy and Essential Metals in Trophic levels of Pond Ecosystem. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Science, 33 (1), 131-137.
  38. Saroj, M. and Dilip, B. (2014) Assessment of Physico-Chemical characteristics of the Soil of Nagchoon Pond Khandwa, MP, India. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences., 4(1): 26-30.
  39. Seifi, M. R., Alimardani, R. and Sharifi, A. (2010) How Can Soil Electrical Conductivity Measurements Control Soil Pollution? Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(4): 235 ? 238
  40. Triantafilis, J., Ahmed, M. F. and Odeh, I. O. A. (2002) Application of a mobile electromagnetic sensing system (MESS) to assess cause and management of soil salinization in an irrigated cotton-growing field. Soil Use Manage., 18(4): 330-339.
  41. Victor B. A. (2009) Heavy metals in the environment and their health effects: In Wide Life Animal (http://wild--life-animal.blogspot.co.ke/2009/07/heavy-metals-and-their-html?m=1). Assessed September 6th, 2017.

[Okeke C. U., Ekanem. E. O., Adamu. H. M. and Kolo. A. M. (2018); RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CADMIUM ACCUMULATION AND SOIL EC (A CASE STUDY OF FIVE AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS). Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Jan). 764-770] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


Chioma Okeke Udoka
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/6281      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6281