23Dec 2017

DETERMINANTS OF SAVING BEHAVIOR OF THE SALARIED EMPLOYEES IN ETHIOPIA: A CASE STUDY OF WOLAITA SODO TOWN.

  • Lecturer in the Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
  • Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Saving is considered as an important variable in the theory of economic growth determining both national and individual wellbeing. However, saving level in Ethiopia is very low and little is known empirically about its determinants. This study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the saving habits and identifying the demographic variables that significantly influence saving decision of salaried employees in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. In order to meet these objectives, primary data were obtained by distributing self-administered questionnaires to a sample of 209 respondents. The data were distributed to the respondents using covenant sampling technique. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of explanatory variables, like gender, age, educational level, field study, marital status, working experiences and income level on the dependent variable which is saving decision. A total of seven explanatory variables were included in the regression. The results obtained from the analyses conclude that only field study and income level of the salaried employees have a significant impact on saving decision of the salaried employees. Moreover, the results of the study conclude that gender, age, field study, experience and income level have a strong relationship with saving rate of the respondents, but educational level and marital status do not have a strong relationship with saving rate of the respondents. Finally, it is recommended that the responsible bodies to create wide range of awareness in urban and rural areas through financial education and training relating to saving and finance.


  1. Agrawal, P., Sahoo, P., & Dash, R.K. (2010). Savings Behavior in India: Co-Integration and Causality Evidence. The Singapore Economic Review, 55(2), 273-295.
  2. Ando, A., & Modigliani, F. (1963). The "Life Cycle" Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests
  3. The American Economic Review, 53(1), 55-84.
  4. Aron, H., Nigus, A., & Getnet, B. (2013). Assessment of Saving Culture among Households in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(15), 1 ? 8. Retrieved from iiste.org
  5. Aryeetey, E., & Udry, C. (2000). Saving in Sub-Saharan Africa, Explaining African Economic Growth Performance Conference Series, CID Working Paper no. 38.
  6. Ashok, Kumar, P., & Jagadeshwara, M. (1985). Demographic Change and Household Savings Behavior in India. Indian Journal of Economics, 65.
  7. Bersales, S.G.S., & Mapa, D.S. (2006). Determinants of Household Saving In the Philippines, EMERGE A GRP Project Supported by USAID, Unpublished Technical Report by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).
  8. Bordoloi, S., & John, J. (2011). Are Saving and Investment Co-integrated? A Cross Country Analysis. Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 32(1), 41-55.
  9. Bovenberg, A.L., & Evans, O. (1990). National and Personal Saving in the United States: Measurement and Analysis of Recent Trends. IMF Staff Papers, 37(3), International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.
  10. Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2003). Business Research Methods, (8th). McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston.
  11. Collins, S.M. (1991). Savings Behavior in Ten Developing Countries in Bernheim, B. Douglas and John B. Shoven, eds., National Saving and Economic Performance, A National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press) pp. 349-372.
  12. Deaton, A., & Paxson, C. (1994). Saving, Growth and Aging in Taiwan. In: D. Wise, Editor, Studies in the Economics of Aging. Chicago, United States: University of Chicago Press.
  13. Duesenberry, J.S. (1949). Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, p-128.
  14. Elbadawi, I.A., & Mwega, F.M. (2000). Can Africa?s Savings Collapse be Reversed? The World Bank Economic Review, 14(3), 415-43.
  15. Friedman, M. (1957). A Theory of the Consumption Function. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  16. Gagnon, J-M., Gagnon, D., & Khoury, N. (2006). Determinants of Households Saving and Financing of Assets in Canada, A Balance Sheet Approach Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2192674 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2192674
  17. Galloway, A. (1997). Questionnaire Design & Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~kate/qmcweb/qcont.htm
  18. Gill, J. (2004). Bayesian Methods for the Social and Behavioral Science Approach, Academic Price, Inc.
  19. Greenwald, Grinstein-Weiss, M., Zhan, & Sherraden, M. (2001). Saving Performance in Individual Development Accounts: Does Marital Status Matter? Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(1), 192-204.
  20. Kalwij, A.S. (2003). Household Consumption and Savings Around The Time of Births and The Role of Education, Working Papers Series, Amsterdam Institute for Advance Labour Studies, Paper 2003-23, Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, The Netherland.
  21. Keynes, J. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. London: MacMillan.
  22. Kiiza, B., & Pederson, G. (2002). Household Financial Saving Mobilization: Empirical Evidence from Uganda. Journal of African Economies, 10(4), 390-409
  23. Kotlikoff, L., & Summers, H. (1981). The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation. Journal of Political Economy, 89, 706-732.
  24. Kulikov D., Paabut, A., & Staehr, K. (2007). A Microeconometric analysis of household saving in Estonia: income, wealth and financial exposure, Working Paper Estonian National Bank Research Department, 2007.
  25. Loayza, N., Schmidt-Hebbel, K., Serven, L. (2000). Saving in Developing Countries: An Overview. The World Bank Economic Review, 14(3), 393-414
  26. Manyama, M.M., (2007). Instilling a Culture of Savings in South Africa. An MSc Thesis Presented at Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
  27. Menchik, P., & David, M. (1983). Income distribution, lifetime savings, and bequests. American Economic Review, 73, 672?690
  28. Michael, S., Mark, S., Margaret, C., Lissa, J., Jami, C., Michal, G., ? Sondra, B. (2001). Savings and Asset Accumulation in Individual Development Account
  29. Modigliani, F., & Brumberg, R. (1954). Utility analysis and the consumption function: an interpretation of crosssection data, Post-Keynesian Economics, K.K. Kurihara (ed), New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, pp. 388-436.
  30. Modigliani, F. (1995). The Role of Interaction Sequences and the Timing of Resistance in Shaping Obedience and Defiance to Authority. Journal of Social Issues, 51(3), 107-123.
  31. Modigliani, F. (1996). The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving, the Demand for Wealth and the Supply of Capital. Social Research, 33, 160-217.
  32. Mosk, C. (2010). Japanese Industrialization and Economic Grow, University of Victoria, unpublished document.
  33. Muradoglu, G., & Taskin, F. (1996). Differences in Household Savings Behavior: Evidence from Industrial and Developing Countries. The Developing Economies, XXXIV(2), 138 ? 153.
  34. Mugenda, O.M., & Mugenda, A.G. (1999). Research Methods: Quantitative and qualitative Approaches. Nairobi. Acts press. Revised 2003.
  35. National Bank of Ethiopia. (NBE, 2011). Summary and Statistical Report of 2011 Economic Survey of the Ethiopia, NBE Data Base (http://www.nbe.gov.et/)
  36. Nga, M.T., (2007). An Investigative Analysis into the Saving Behavior of Poor Households in Developing Countries: With Specific Reference to South Africa. An MSc Thesis Presented to the Department of Economics, University of the Western Cape. South Africa.
  37. Nwachukwu, T., & Odigie, P. (2009). What Drives Private Saving in Nigeria. Centre for the Study of African Economies Conference, University of Oxford.
  38. Odoemenem, I.U., Ezihe, J.A.C., & Akerele, S.O., (2013). Saving and Investment Pattern of Small ? Scale Farmers of Benue State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Social Science Sociology& Culture. ISSN: 2249- 460x
  39. Poterba, J. (1995). International Comparisons of Household Saving, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  40. Prinsloo, J.W. (2000). The Saving Behavior of the South African Economy. Occasional Paper No 14, South African Reserve Bank. South Africa.
  41. Reddy, M., Naidu, V., & Vosikata, S. (n.d.). Determinants of Household Savings Behaviour in an Emerging Economy: Market vs. Non Market Factors.
  42. Rehman, H., Chaudhry, I.S., Farid, Z. M., & Bashir, F., (2011). Rural-Urban Saving Differentials in Pakistan: Investigation from Primary Data. A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 26(1)
  43. Schmidt-Hebbel K., Serven L., & Solomano, A. (1996). Saving and Investment: Paradigms, puzzles, policies.
  44. Sekgobela, S. (2004). Saving for stability, Growing pains. Mail & Guardian http://secure.rsaretailbonds.gov Sinha D. (1998) Saving-Investment Relationship in Japan and Other Asian Countries, CJES Researcher Papers No. 98 ? 5.
  45. Vellumoni, D., & Raju, S.S. (2015). Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Investors' Investment Culture. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(7), 41-44.
  46. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics an introductory analysis, (2nd). New York: Harper and Row
  47. Zhang Z., Zhang L., and Lee R. (2003) Rising Longevity, Education, Saving, and Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70, 83-101

[Million Assefa and Durga Rao P. V. (2017); DETERMINANTS OF SAVING BEHAVIOR OF THE SALARIED EMPLOYEES IN ETHIOPIA: A CASE STUDY OF WOLAITA SODO TOWN. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (Dec). 1285-1296] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


Dr. DURGA RAO P.V.
Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/6085      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6085