06Apr 2018

INCORPORATION OF PALM OIL FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOMASS AND POLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCTION THROUGH SUBMERGED FERMENTATION FROM LOCALLY ISOLATED PLEUROTUS SP. MYCELIUM.

  • Department of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Manipal International University (MIU), 71800 Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Manipal International University (MIU), 71800 Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
  • Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Therapeutic properties of Pleurotus sp. mushroom are associated with the polysaccharides present in the mycelium cell wall and culture broth of submerged culture. Submerged fermentation of Pleurotus sp. mushroom mycelium was carried out through one-factor-at-a-time method for mycelial growth, extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharide production. The mycelial growth, EPS and IPS concentration was high when sucrose was used as carbon source which produced 4.66 g/L of mycelium dry weight, 7.16 and 4.76 mg/ml of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (IPS) concentration respectively. Manipulation of sucrose concentration up to 100 g/L resulted in an increasing of mycelium dry weight with 6.3 g/L and 7.9 mg/mL of EPS concentration. The effect of carbon/ nitrogen source ratio in the liquid medium to the biomass and polysaccharides production was also investigated. C/N ratio of 80:1 resulted in high IPS concentration (11.89 g/L). Crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were incorporated with sucrose to serve as carbon source in the medium at different ratio. Both CPO and PKO have enhanced the yield of biomass and polysaccharides. The highest biomass obtained was 47.9 g/L when the PKO:Sucrose ratio at 100:0. At PKO:Sucrose ratio 25:75, highest EPS concentration (5.39 g/L) was obtained whereas the highest IPS concentration (34.02 g/L) was obtained at PKO:Sucrose ratio at 30:70. Instead of enhancing the growth of Pleurotus sp. mycelium in liquid culture, the used of palm oil mill effluent (POME) residues as carbon source had reduced the biomass and polysaccharides production.

  1. Kalac, A. Svoboda, Review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms, Food Chemistry 1 (2000) 273-281.
  2. K. Samantha, Z.L. Yang, R.L. Zhao, E.C. Vellinga, A.H. Bahkali, E. Chukeatirote, K.D. Hyde, Review: Three new species of Lentinus from Nothern Thailand, Mycology Prog. 10 (2011) 389-398.
  3. Stamets, Growing gourmet and medicinal mushroom. 2000. Berkeley, Ten Speed Press, Calif.
  4. T. Chang, A 40-years journey through bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to mushrooms and dietary supplements, Int J Med Mushroom. 3 (2001) 80.
  5. E. Valverde, T. Hern?ndez-P?rez, O. Paredes-L?pez, Edible Mushrooms: Improving Human Health and Promoting Quality Life, International Journal ofMicrobiology, 2015 (2014), article ID 376387, pp. 14.
  6. P. Wasser, Current findings, future trend and unsolved problems in studies of medicinal mushrooms, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 89(2011) 1323-1332.
  7. T. Borchers, J.S. Stem, R.M. Hackman, C.L. Keen, M.E. Gershwin, Mushrooms, tumors and immunity, Process Soc Exp Biol Med. 221 (1999) 281-293.
  8. P.Wasser, E. Nevo, D. Sokolov, S.V. Reshetnikov, M. Timor-Tismenetsky, Dietary supplements from medical mushrooms: Diversity of types and variety of regulations, Int J Med Mush. 2(2000) 1-9.
  9. V. Reshetnikov, S.P. Wasser, K.K. Tan, Higher Basidiomycota as a source of antitumor and immunostimulating polysaccharides, Int J Med Mush. 3 (2001) 361-364.
  10. K. Yan, W.Q. Wang, J.Y. Wu, Recent advances in Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides: Mycelial fermentation, isolation, structure and bioactivites, A review, J Funct Food. 6(2014) 33-47.
  11. Rau, E. Gura, E. Oleszewski, F. Wagner, Enhanced glucan formation of filamentous fungi by effective mixing oxygen limitation and fed-batch processing, J Ind Microbiol 9 (1992) 19-26.
  12. T. Bae, J. Sinha, J.P. Park, C.H. Song, J.W. Yun, Optimization of submerged culture conditions? for exobiopolymer production by Paecilomyces?????????????? japonica, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 10 (2000) 482-487.
  13. Fournier, Colorimetric quantification of carbohydrates. In: E.W. Ronald, E.A. Terry, A.D. Eric, H.P. Michael, S.R. David, J.S. Steven, F.S. Charles, M.S. Denise, S. Peter, Eds. Current Protocol in Food Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, (2001) E1.1.1-E1.1.8.
  14. Grigorova, K. Pavlova, I. Panchev, Preparation and preliminary characterization of exopolysaccharides by yeast Rhodotorula acheniurum MC, App Biochem Biotechnol. 81 (1999) 181-191.
  15. H. Chao, H.J. WU, M.K. Lu, Promotion of fungal groath and underlying physiochemical changes of polysaccharides in Rigidoporus ulmarius, an edible Basidiomycete mushroom, Carbohydrate Polym. 85 (2011) 609-614.
  16. Tang, L. Zhu, D. Li, Z. Mi, H. Li, Significance of inoculation density and carbon source on the mycelial growth and tuber polysaccharides production by submerged fermentation of Chinese truffle tuber sinense, Process Biochem. 43 (2008) 576-586.
  17. Ahmad, S.M.U. Alias, A.A. Hamid, W.M. Wan Yusoff, E. Ismail, F. Daud, Production and antiproliferative activity of various crude extract from Lentinus squarrosulus mycelium, Scholar Academic J Biosci. 3(4) (2015) 377-385.
  18. H. Lin, S.S. Yang, Mycelium and polysaccharide production of Agaricus blazei Murill by submerged fermentation, J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 39 (2006) 98-108.
  19. P. Pokhrel, S. Ohga, Submerged culture conditions for mycelial yield and polysaccharides production by Lyophyllum decastes, Food Chem. 105 (2007) 641-646.
  20. G. Jonathan, I.O. Fasidi, Effect of carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources on growth of Psathyrella atroumbonata (Pegler). A nigerian edible mushroom, Food Chemistry. 72 (2001) 479-483.
  21. S. Lin, S.C. Sung, Cultivating conditions influence exopolysaccharide production by the edible basidiomycete Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged culture, Int J Food Microbiol. 108 (2006) 182-187.
  22. Elisashvili, Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioprocesses and Products (Review), International Journal of Med Mush. 14 (4) (2012) 211-239.
  23. H. Fang, J.J. Zhong, Effect of initial pH on production of ganoderic acid and polysaccharide by submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum, Process Biochem. 37 (2002) 769-774.
  24. Q. Xu, M.L. Fu, Q.H. Chen, L. Liu, Effect of submerged culture conditions on exopolysaccharides production by Armillaria luteovirens Sacc. QH and kinetic modeling. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 34(2011) 103-111.
  25. Mao, X.B., Eksriwong, T., Chauvatecharin, S. and Zhong, J.J. (2004) Optimization of carbon source/nitrogen ratio for cordycepin production by submerged cultivation of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris. Process Biochemistry, 40(5), 1667-1672.
  1. C. Adebayo-Tayo, S.G. Jonathan, O.O. Popoola, R.C. Egbomuche, Optimization of growth condition for mycelial yield and exopolysaccharides production by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in Nigeria, African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5(15) (2011) 2130-2138.
  2. I. Nwanze, A.U. Khan, J.B. Ameh, V.J. Umoh, The effects of the interaction of various oil types and rates on the mycelial wet and dry weights of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer and Psathyrella atroumbonata Pegler in submerged liquid cultures, African J Biotechnol 4(7) (2005) 620-626.
  3. K, Bolla, S.Z. Shaheen, K. Vasu, M.A. Singara Charya, Effect of oils on the production of exopolysaccharides and mycelial biomass in submerged culture of Schizophyllum commune, African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2 (2008) 349-352.
  4. C. Huang, C.I. Chen, C.N. Hung, Y.C. Liu, Experimental analysis of the oil addition effect on mycelia and polysaccharide productions in Ganoderma lucidum submerged culture, Bioprocess Biosyst Engineering. 32 (2009) 217-224.
  5. Bolla, N. S.V.S.S.S.L. Hima Bindu, S. Burra, M.A. Sangara Charya, Effect of plant oils, surfactants and organic acids on the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides of Trametes spp, Journal of Agricultural technology. 7(4) (2011) 957-965.
  6. F.C. Yang, Y.F Ke, S.S. Kuo, Effect of fatty acids on the mycelia growth and polysaccharide formation by Ganoderma lucidum in shake flask cultures, Enzyme Microbiology Technology. 27(2000) 295-301.
  7. Peacock L, Ward J, Ratledge C, Dickinson FM, Ison A. How Streptomyces lividans uses oils and sugars as mixed substrates. 2004. Enzyme Microbiology & Technology. 32: 157-166.
  8. P. Park, S.W. Kim, H.J. Hwang, Y.J. Cho, J.W. Yun, Stimulatory effect of plant oils and fatty acid on the exo-biopolymer production in Cordyceps militaris, Enzyme Microbiology Technology 31 (2002) 250-255.
  9. E. Poh, W.J. Yong, M.F. Chong, Palm oil mill effluent (POME) characteristics in high crop season and the applicapability of high-rate anaerobic bioreactors for the treatment of POME, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49(22) (2010) 11732-11740.

[Rahayu Ahmad, Ingabire Ndagije Clementine, Ju Sin Er, S.N.A.B. Syed-Mustaffa and Wan Abd Al Qadr Wan-Mohtar. (2018); INCORPORATION OF PALM OIL FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOMASS AND POLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCTION THROUGH SUBMERGED FERMENTATION FROM LOCALLY ISOLATED PLEUROTUS SP. MYCELIUM. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Apr). 223-232] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Rahayu Ahmad
Department of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Manipal International University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/6849      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6849

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 23 | No. of Views: 149