14Jul 2018

MONITORING OF BLOOD AND INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE IN AVIATORS OF THE BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE SUBMITTED TO HIGH TRAINING LOADS IN FORCE SIMULATOR.

  • University of the Air Force, Post-Graduation Program in Operational Human Performance / PPGDHO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
  • Physical Education Section of the Aeronautics Cadet Corps, Air Force Academy, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
  • Interstitutional Program of Post Graduation in Physiological Sciences - PIPGCF UFSCar / UNESP, S?o Carlos, SP, Brazil.
  • Methodist University of Piracicaba- UNIMEP, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
  • Institute of Physical Activity Sciences - ICAF, Aeronautics Sports Commission - CDA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
  • Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir?o Preto, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor Apparatus, Ribeir?o Preto, SP, Brazil.
  • Air Force Academy, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Purpose: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is modulated by 3 components: brain tissue, cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The ICP waveform contains 3 upstrokes in one wave: P1 - Percussion: systole; P2 - Tidal: intracranial compliance; and P3 - Dicrotic: diastole. Pilots are known to experience headaches when flying frequently, particularly when undergoing the influence of high gravitational attraction (Gz). These headaches are caused by changes in ICP, however, the factors behind these changes are still unclear and could be linked to the Gz itself or the movements. Method: This study aimed to non-invasively monitor the ICP of cadets from the Brazilian Air Force Academy during maneuvers using the T-27 aircraft force simulator. Eighteen volunteers were monitored using two sensors-left and right parietal bones. Cadets performed 6 isometric maneuvers with the control stick for 1 minute each: 1) rest: no movement; 2) front: push the stick forward; 3) back: pull the stick back; 4) left: rotate stick to the left; 5) right: rotate stick to the right; 6) return to rest position. Data was recorded and analyzed using the Braincare Analytics System. Morphological analysis showed a normal ICP pulse waveform for all cadets. Result: No difference was found in the time to peak and the pulse area when comparing between the left and right sensors and between all maneuvers. Heartbeat values during the isometric movements were lower than when at rest. This could be the effect of the Valsalva maneuver. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ICP remained unchanged during isometric movements in the T-27 aircraft force simulator.

  1. Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans. Stroke. 1989;20: 45?52. doi:10.1161/01.STR.20.1.45
  2. Dillon WP. Intracranial hypotension and intracranial hypertension. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2010;20: 597?617. doi:10.1016/j.nic.2010.07.012
  3. Aponte VM, Finch DS, Klaus DM. Considerations for non-invasive in-flight monitoring of astronaut immune status with potential use of MEMS and NEMS devices. Life Sciences. 2006. pp. 1317?1333. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.007
  4. Wiener TC. Space obstructive syndrome: Intracranial hypertension, intraocular pressure, and papilledema in space. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. 2012. pp. 64?66. doi:10.3357/ASEM.3083.2012
  5. Asgari S, Arevalo N, Hamilton R, Hanchey D, Scalzo F. Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Pulse Onset Detection Using Adaptive Thresholding. IEEE Int Conf Biomed Heal Informatics. 2017; 377?380.
  6. Alexander DJ, Gibson CR, Hamilton DR, Lee SMC, Mader TH, Otto C, et al. Risk of Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension and Vision Alterations . HumanresearchroadmapNasaGov. 2012; 109. Available: http://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Evidence/reports/VIIP.pdf%5Cnpapers2://publication/uuid/F72C4087-2DE1-484B-8BEE-05E000BCC3D6
  7. Cheung B, Hofer K, Goodman L. The effects of roll vs. pitch rotation in humans under orthostatic stress. Aviat Sp Environ Med. 1999;70: 966?974.
  8. Eide PK. Comparison of simultaneous continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) signals from ICP sensors placed within the brain parenchyma and the epidural space. Med Eng Phys. 2008;30: 34?40. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.01.005
  9. Anile C, De Bonis P, Di Chirico A, Ficola A, Mangiola A, Petrella G. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation during intracranial hypertension: A simple, purely hydraulic mechanism? Child?s Nerv Syst. 2009;25: 325?335. doi:10.1007/s00381-008-0749-7
  10. Jia H, Cui G, Xie S, Tian D, Bi H, Guo S. Vestibular function in military pilots before and after 10 s at +9 Gz on a centrifuge. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009;80: 20?3.
  11. Tripp LD, Warm JS, Matthews G, Chiu P, Werchan P, Deaton JE. +Gz acceleration loss of consciousness: Time course of performance deficits with repeated experience. Hum Factors. 2006;48: 109?120. doi:10.1518/001872006776412144
  12. Stevenson AT, Scott JPR. +Gz Tolerance, with and without muscle tensing, following loss of anti-g trouser pressure. Aviat Sp Environ Med. 2014;85: 426?432. doi:10.3357/ASEM.3773.2014
  13. Schlegel TT, Wood SJ, Brown TE, Harm DL, Rupert AH. Effect of 30-min +3 Gz centrifugation on vestibular and autonomic cardiovascular function. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2003;74: 717?24.
  14. Wilson GF, Reis GA, Tripp LD. EEG correlates of G-induced loss of consciousness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005;76: 19?27.
  15. Melek WW, Lu Z, Kapps A, Cheung B. Modeling of dynamic cardiovascular responses during G-transition-induced orthostatic stress in pitch and roll rotations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2002;49: 1481?1490. doi:10.1109/TBME.2002.803555
  16. Chen H-H, Wu Y-C, Kuo M-D. An electromyographic assessment of the anti-G straining maneuver. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004;75: 162?7.
  17. Knudson R, McMillan D, Doucette D, Seidel M. A comparative study of G-induced neck injury in pilots of the F/A-18, A-7, and A-4. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1988;59: 758?60.
  18. Sevilla NL, Gardner JW. G-induced loss of consciousness: case-control study of 78 G-Locs in the F-15, F-16, and A-10. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005;76: 370?4.
  19. Newsom BD, Goldenrath WL, Winter WR, Sandler H. Tolerance of females to +G(z) centrifugation before and after bedrest. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. 1977. pp. 327?331.
  20. Whinnery JE. +G(z) tolerance correlation with clinical parameters. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. 1979. pp. 736?741.
  21. Kikukawa A, Tachibana S, Yagura S. G-related musculoskeletal spine symptoms in Japan Air Self Defense Force F-15 pilots. Aviat Sp Environ Med. 1995;66: 269?272.
  22. Neurophysiol REEG, Cours AU, Comas DES. Corri~lations entre pression intracranienne et e.e.g. au cours des comas traumatiques. 1979;1: 185?193.
  23. Michael AP, Marshall-Bowman K. Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;86: 557?562. doi:10.3357/AMHP.4284.2015
  24. Yates BJ, Kerman IA. Post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance: Possible relationship to microgravity-induced plasticity in the vestibular system. Brain Research Reviews. 1998. pp. 73?82. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00028-9.

[Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra, Edson Pereira Tangerino Filho, Phelipe Henrique Cardoso de Castro, Patricia Bezerra Lamego Alves, Juliana Cristina Viola, Aquila Denofrio da Rocha, Rodrigo Romero Faria Santos and Grace Guindani (2018); MONITORING OF BLOOD AND INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE IN AVIATORS OF THE BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE SUBMITTED TO HIGH TRAINING LOADS IN FORCE SIMULATOR. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Jul). 327-334] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra
Universidade da Força Aérea, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desempenho Humano Operacional/ PPGDHO,Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/7365      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/7365

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 21 | No. of Views: 103