08Jan 2019

PEDAGOGICAL PRAXIS OF MILLENNIAL TEACHERS IN MAINSTREAMED PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

  • Student Teaching Mentor, College of Teacher Education Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines, 6000
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Whereas the motto of the United Nations? 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is ?Leave no one behind?, it serves as a guiding principle for all to work towards an inclusive society.As Physical Education (PE) serves as a fertile ground for expressions of supportive milieu, the new generation of PE teachers should seize this opportunity to become advocates of mainstreaming students with additional needs in order to achieve substantive equality for all in schools. Pursuing this endeavor, understanding the meaning of their experiences in mainstreaming may give a glimpse of the current perspectives and viewpoints that are vital in the formulation of appropriate intervention for improved inclusive instruction in the 21st century. This Heideggerian phenomenological study using one-on-one unstructured interviews was used to explore the meaning of the lived experience of the seventeen (17) purposively selected millennial teachers in mainstreamed PE classrooms in Cebu City and Cebu Province, Philippines. Using hermeneutical analysis, it was deduced that while they see mainstreaming as a wonderful concept, their experiences on it had apparently captured A Reflection of a Wider Problem on Inclusion in Academia as an overarching theme that encapsulated how PE teachers today subsisted the multifaceted issues and challenges on mainstreaming. This journey was specified through the subthemes: A Test of Pedagogical Competence, Multifaceted Contextual Inclusion Challenges, Fete of Teacher?s Complex Support Roles and Risk of Curriculum Infidelity. The findings implicate that pedagogies that ?fit all? do not guarantee the best possible learning outcomes and, teachers who represent only as ?teacher? do not foster inclusive ethos to their students. Achieving these expectations can be daunting, thus, it is recommended that education administrators to conduct capacity building opportunities to the faculty and staff for in-depth theoretical knowledge and practical understanding on the concept and application of inclusive education.


  1. Benner, P. (1994). The tradition and skill of interpretive phenomenology in studying health, illness, and caring practices. In P. Benner, (Ed.), Interpretative phenomenology, embodiment, caring, and ethics in health and illness (pp. 99-127). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. doi:10.4135/9781452204727.n6
  2. Bekele B.A. (2017). Challenges and experiences on inclusive physical education: The case of Bahir Dar elementary schools. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2017, Vol. 4(2), 94-99. Retrieved from http://www.kheljournal.com/archives/2017/vol4issue2/PartB/4-2-2-134.pdf
  3. Bukvić, Z. (2014). Teachers? competency for inclusive education. The European Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 2 (3), 1585 ? 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.141
  4. Campbell, R. (2001). Heidegger:Truth as Aletheia. In R. Small (Ed.), A hundred years of phenomenology: Perspectives on a philosophical tradition. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
  5. Chiodo, D. G. (2017). A qualitative study of the fidelity of implementation of an evidence-based healthy relationships program. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4405. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4405
  6. Conod L &Sarvais L (2008). Sexual life in subjects with intellectual disability. SaludP?blica de M?xico, Vol. 50, 230-8. Retrieved from https://scielosp.org/pdf/spm/2008.v50suppl2/s230-s238/en
  7. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th Ed. London: Sage
  8. Crotty M (2003). The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective In The Research Process. Sage, London Disability and Health (2018, August 24) Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/relatedconditions.html
  9. Elliott, D. S., &Mihalic, S. (2004). Issues in disseminating and replicating effective Prevention programs.Prevention Science, Vol. 5(1), 47-53. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:PREV.0000013981.28071.52
  10. Fernandes, L. P. ; M?ller, V. R. (2009). Exclus?o e inclus?o social: contribui??es e Experi?nciasinclusivasnaeduca??of?sica. Retrieved from http://www.diaadiaeducacao.pr.gov.br/portals/pde/ arquivos/949-4.pdf. Retrieved on August 12, 2018.
  11. Flick, U., 2009. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. 4th ed. London: Sage.
  12. Green, K. (2002). Physical education teachers in their figurations: a sociological analysis Of everyday ?philosophies.Sport, Education and Society Vol. 7(1), 65?83. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573320120113585
  13. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research. In N. K. Denzin& Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  14. Justin A. Haegele& Sue Sutherland (2015). Perspectives of students with disabilities toward? Physical education: A Qualitative Inquiry Review.Quest, Vol. 67 (3), 255-273, DOI: 10.1080/00336297.2015.1050118
  15. Hartman, M. (2014, March 24). Millennials at work: young and callow, like their parents.The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/your-money/millennials-at-work-young-and-callow-like-their-parents.html
  16. Healy, S., Msetfi, R., & Gallagher, S. (2013). Happy and a bit nervous?: the experiences Of children with autism in physical education.British Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 41(3), 222?228. doi: 10.1111/bld.12053
  17. Irvin, J. L., Meltzer, J., & Dukes, M. S. (2007). Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy: An Implementation Guide for School Leaders. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  18. Jandayan M, Figueroa SR, Canales D. (2009). Monitoring the human rights of persons with disabilities: Preliminary report - Philippines. Manila: KatipunanngMaykapansanansaPilipinas, Inc. (KAMPI) and Disability Rights Promotion International (DRPI)
  19. Kutcher, S., & Wei, Y. (2013). Challenges and solutions in the implementation of the school Based pathway to care model: the lessons learn from Nova Scotia and beyond. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, Vol. 28(1), 90-102. DOI: 10.1177/0829573512468859
  20. Layton, D. L. (2015). Perceptions of Millennial Teachers' Commitment to Teaching as a Career. Theses and Dissertations. 1202. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1202
  21. Lindsay S, McPherson AC. (2012). Experiences of social exclusion and bullying at school Among children and youth with cerebral palsy, Disability and Rehabilitation Vol. 34, 101?109. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.587086.
  22. Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods (2 Ed.): Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications
  23. Louise McCuaig& Peter J. Hay (2014). Towards an understanding of fidelity within the context of school-based health education. Critical Public Health, Vol. 24 (2), 143-158. DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2013.840718
  24. Nadeau, L., &Tessier, R. (2007). Social adjustment of children with cerebral palsy in Mainstream classes: peer perception. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Vol. 48 (5), 331?336. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206000739
  25. O'Leary, Z. (2014). The essential guide to doing research. London, UK: SAGE Packer, T.L., Briffa, T., Downs, J., Ciccarelli, M., and Passmore, A. (2006). The Physical Activity
  26. Study of Children and Adolescents with a Disability. Curtin University of Technology.Retrieved from https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/31040/19696_downloaded_stream_214.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
  27. Petitpas, A. J., Cornelius, A. F ., Van R, J.L,&Jones,T.(2005).A framework for planning youth sport programs that foster psychosocial development. The Sport Psychologist, Vol.19, 63-80 Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5817757515d5dbcebad2b0bc/t/5964c559e4fcb58b9fb3d038/1499776346343/05_JVRAP_frameworkforplanningyouth+-+link+community+pdf.pdf
  28. Pijl, S. J., &Frostad, P. (2010). Peer acceptance and self-concept of students with Disabilities in regular education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, Vol. 25 (1), 93-105. DOI: 10.1080/08856250903450947
  29. Rimmer J., Rowland J. (2008). Physical activity for youth with disabilities: a critical need In an underserved population. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, Vol. 11(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518420701688649
  30. Andrew Smith & Nigel Thomas (2006) Including pupils with special educational needs and disabilities in National Curriculum Physical Education: a brief review. European Journal of Special Needs Education, Vol. 21(1), 69-83, DOI: 10.1080/08856250500491849
  31. Smith, J.A., Flowers, P. & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. London: Sage.
  32. Svensson L (2005). Physical Activity in Children with Physical Disabilities: Factors Influencing Participation and Functional Outcomes of Participation. Master of Philosophy (Thesis), Schools of Medicine and Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane.
  33. Thwala, S. (2015). Challenges encountered by teachers in managing inclusive classrooms in Swaziland. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 6(1), 495. Retrieved from http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/5489
  34. Zulfija, M., Indira, O. and Elmira U. (2013). The professional competence of teachers in
  35. Inclusive education.Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, Vol. 89 (2), 549-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.892.
 

[Jem Cloyd M. Tanucan (2019); PEDAGOGICAL PRAXIS OF MILLENNIAL TEACHERS IN MAINSTREAMED PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 7 (Jan). 554-562] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


JEM CLOYD M. TANUCAN
CEBU NORMAL UNIVERSITY

DOI:


Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/8361      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/8361