1. Marler, J.J., Mulliken, J.B. (2005) Current management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Clin. Plast. Surg., 32:99?116
2. Zheng, J.W., Zhang, I., Zhou, Q., Mai, H.M., Wang, Y.A., Fan, X.D., Qin, Z.pP., Wang, K., Zhao, Y.F. (2013) A Practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 6(10):851?60
3. Fawcett, S.L., Grant, I., Hall, P.N., Kelsall, A.W.R., Nicholson, J.C. (2004) Vincristine as a treatment for a large haemangioma threatening vital functions. Br. J. Plast. Surg., 57:168?171
4. Léauté-Labrèze, C., Dumas de la Roque, E., Hubiche, T., Boralevi, F., Thambo, J.B., Ta ̈ıeb, A. (2008) Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N. Engl. J. Med., 358(24):2649?2651
5. Hogeling, M., Adams, S., Wargon, O. (2011) A randomized controlled trial of propranolol for infantile hemangiomas. Pediatrics, 128(2): e259-266
6. Goswamy, J., Rothera, M.P., Bruce, I.A. (2011) Failure of propranolol in the treatment of childhood haemangiomas of the head and neck. J. Laryngol. Otol.,125(11):1164-1172
7. Causs?, S., Aubert, H., Saint-Jean, M., Puzenat, E., Bursztejn, A.C., Eschard, C., Mahe, E., Maruani, A., Mazereeuw-Hautier, J., Dreyfus, I., Miquel, J., Chiaverini, C., Boccara, O., Hadj-Rabia, S., Stalder, J.F., Barbarot, S. (2013) Propranolol-resistant infantile haemangiomas. Br. J. Dermatol.,169(1):125-129
8. Hermans, D.J., van Beynum, I.M., Schultze Kool, L.J., van de Kerkhof, P.C., Wijnen, M.H., van der Vleuten, C.J. (2011) Propranolol, a very promising treatment for ulceration in infantile hemangiomas: A study of 20 cases with matched historical controls. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 64(5):833-838
9. Saint-Jean, M., L?aut?-Labr?ze, C., Mazereeuw-Hautier, J., Bodak, N., Hamel-Teillac, D., Kupfer-Bessaguet, I., Lacour, J.P., Naouri, M., Vabres, P., Hadj-Rabia, S., Nguyen, J.M., Stalder, J.F., Barbarot, S. (2011) Propranolol for treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangiomas. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 64(5):827-832
10. Mansouri, P., Hejazi, S., Ranjbar, M., Shakoei, S. (2014) Propranolol in infantile hemangioma: A review article. J. Skin Stem Cell, 1:e22884
11. Giachetti, A., Garcia-Monaco, R., Sojo, M., Scacchi, M.F., Cernadas, C., Guerchicoff Lemcke, M., Dovasio, F. (2014) Long-term treatment with oral propranolol reduces relapses of infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr. Dermatol. 31(1):14-20
12. Bagazgoitia, L., Torrelo, A., Gutierrez, J.C., Hernandez-Martin, A., Luna, P., Gutierrez, M., Bano, A., Tamariz, A., Larralde, M., Alvarez, R., Pardo, N., Baselga, E. (2011) Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr. Dermatol., 28(2):108?114
13. Shehata, N., Powell, J., Dubois, J., Hatami, A., Rousseau, E., Ondrejchak, S., McCuaig, C. (2013) Late rebound of infantile hemangioma after cessation of oral propranolol. Pediatr. Dermatol., 30(5):587-591
14. Kunzi-Rapp, K. (2012) Topical propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr. Dermatol., 29(2): 154?159
15. Bonifazi, E., Colonna, V., Mazzotta, F., Balducci, G., Laforgia, N. (2008) Propranolol in rapidly growing hemangiomas. Eur. J. Pediatr. Dermatol.,18(3):185-92
16. Xu G, Lv. R., Zhao, Z., Huo, R. (2012) Topical propranolol for treatment of superficial infantile hemangiomas. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 67(6):1210-1213
17. Storch, C.H., Hoeger, P.H. (2010) Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: insights into the molecular mechanisms of action. Br. J. Dermatol., 163(2):269-274
18. Chapman, A.B., Knight, D.M., Ringold, G.M. (1985) Glucocorticoid regulation of adipocyte differentiation: Hormonal triggering of the developmental program and induction of a differentiation-dependent gene. J. Cell. Biol.,101(4):1227?1235
19. Hasan, Q., Tan, S.T., Gush, J., Peters, S.G., Davis, P.F. (2000) Steroid therapy of a proliferating hemangioma: Histochemical and molecular changes. Pediatrics, 105:117- 120
20. Pantoja, C., Huff, J.T., Yamamoto, K.R. (2008) Glucocorticoid signaling defines a novel commitment state during adipogenesis in vitro. Mol. Biol. Cell, 19:4032?4041
21. Ameshima, S., Golpon, H., Cool, C.D., Chan, D., Vandivier, R.W., Gardai, S.J., Wick, M., Nemenoff, R.A., Geraci, M.W., Voelkel, N.F. (2003) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression is decreased in pulmonary hypertension and affects endothelial cell growth. Circ. Res., 92(10):1162?1169
22. Azzolini, A., Nouvenne, R. (1970) Nuove prospettive nella terapia degli angiomi immaturi dell?infanzia, 115 lesione; trattate con infiltrazioni; intralesionali di triamcinolone acetonide. Acta Biol. Med. (Gdansk)., 41(suppl 1):41?51
23. Samimi, D.B., Alabiad, C.R., Tse, D.T. (2012) An anatomically based approach to intralesional corticosteroid injection for eyelid capillary hemangiomas. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging., 43(3):190?195
24. Goyal, R., Watts, P., Lane, C.M., Beck, L., Gregory, J.W. (2004) Adrenal suppression and failure to thrive after steroid injections for periocular hemangioma. Ophthalmology,111(2):389?395
25. Prasetyono, T.O.H., Djoenaedi, I. (2011) Efficacy of intralesional steroid injection in head and neck hemangioma: a systematic review. Ann. Plast. Surg. 66(1): 98?106
26. Buckmiller, L.M., Munson, P.D., Dyamenahalli, U., Dai, Y., Richter, G.T. (2010) Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: Early experience at a tertiary vascular anomalies center. Laryngoscope, 120(4):676-681.
27. Sloan, G.M., Reinisch, J.F., Nichter, L.S., Saber, W.L., Lew, K., Morwood, D.T. (1989) Intralesional corticosteroid therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 83(3):459?467
28. Egbert, J.E., Schwartz, G.S., Walsh, A.W. (1996) Diagnosis and treatment of an ophthalmic artery occlusion during an intralesional injection of corticosteroid into an eyelid capillary hemangioma. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 121(6):638?642
29. Egbert, J.E., Paul, S., Engel, W.K., Summers, C.G. (2001) High injection pressure during intralesional injection of corticosteroids into capillary hemangiomas. Arch. Ophthalmol., 119(5):677?683
30. Gangopadhyay, A.N., Sharma, S.P., Gopal, S.C., Gupta, D.K., Panjawani, K., Sinha, J.K. (1996) Local steroid therapy in cutaneous hemangioma. Indian Pediatr., 33(1): 31-33
31. Ranchod, T.M., Frieden, I.J., Fredrick, D.R. (2005) Corticosteroid treatment of periorbital haemangioma of infancy: a review of the evidence. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 89(9):1134?1138
32. Ho, N.T.C., Lansang, P., Pope, E. (2007) Topical imiquimod in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas: a retrospective study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 56(1):63?68
33. Guo, S., Ni, N. (2010) Topical treatment for capillary hemangioma of the eyelid using beta-blocker solution. Arch. Ophthalmol., 128(2):255?256.