EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN COIMBATORE

Background: Tumors of the nervous system are the second most common childhood tumors after leukemia,constituting approximately 35% of all childhood malignancies and remain the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children. In India,in the absence of a comprehensive population based national cancer registry,we depend on local hospital based registries for assessing the incidence of pediatric brain tumor.Hence,more and more institutional data are required to assess the actual disease load in India.

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the epidemiological patterns of brain tumors in children presenting in CMCH.

Materials and Methods: Data regarding age,gender,topography and histopathology of 22 pediatric patients (0-18years)with brain tumors operated inCMCH over a period of 5 years(January 2015 to December 2019)was collected retrospectively and analysed. The results obtained were compared with available Indiandata and western literature.

Results: Of 22 cases, males(63.6%) outnumbered females. In the present study, the most common anatomical site for brain tumors was cerebellum(45.5%) followed by cerebral hemispheres(36.2%), ventricles(13.6%) and sellar region(4.5%). The present study showed that Infratentorial tumors were more common (54.5%) as compared to Supratentorial tumors (45.5%).Thepresent study revealed that astrocytoma(36.4%) is the most common brain tumor in childhood. other common tumors include medulloblastoma(27.2%), followed by ependymoma(13.6%), oligodendroglioma(9%),pineal gland tumor(4.5%),craniopharyngioma(4.5%) and meningeal tumor(4.5%).

Conclusion: From the present series, we conclude that, the frequencies of major histologic types of brain tumors found in the study do not differ substantially from that found in other developed and developing countries. Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas, which form the major histologic types in pediatric patients need special attention.