Overview Regarding Microbial etiologies incriminated with infections among newly born infants

Background: In the past decades, term as sepsis had been used extensively to denote a variety of illness occurring in neonatal period. In many developing countries, neonatal mortality rates (death in the first 28 days of life) are as high as (40-50) per 1000 live birth with infections, being the major cause of death. Patients and Methods: The current prospective cohort study had been carried out in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad - Iraq, which has been initiated on (130) from the total 286 newborn infants aged (3-28) days after birth who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the same hospital, and their staying time was more than 72 hours and not transferred to another unit through the time of study, from August 2011 through April 2012 by culturing blood and swab samples from neonates, who were suspected of having nosocomial infections. Results: Through ongoing the present study the most frequent etiological agent, which were gram-negative bacteria, and; Enterobacter aerogenes (31.5%), Enterobacter cloacae (20%), Serratia marcescens (19.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter koseri ,Escherichia coli (1.5%). The gram-positive bacteria were; Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.5%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (0.8%). Conclusions: gram-negative bacteria were the most common organisms isolated from neonates infected with nosocomial infections.