Epidemiology Of Brucellosis And Changing Trends In Control & Treatment

Background: Brucellosis is defined as the “zoonotic infection” of large animals, for instance, camels, cattle, goats and sheep. Brucella organisms can be infected by human by the oral route i.e. ingestion of contaminated foods or through percutaneous route i.e. during slaughtering animals. The presumed route of infection of this serious disease is by the airborne route. Aim: The predestined aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of brucellosis and the changing trend regarding the control and treatment of this disease. Methodology: The secondary qualitative research method was used for the collection of data from the evidence based databases. The content analysis was carried out to determine the epidemiology of this disease and the changing trend in the control and treatment of the disease. Results: The results of the study revealed that epidemiology of the disease vary from region to region and for treatment a 6-week oral therapy with a combination of doxycycline and rifampin was effective and relapse was found among 10% of patients. Alternatively, fluoroquinolone plus doxycycline was found effective. Six weeks administration of doxycycline along with streptomycin for 3 weeks was also effective. Netilmicin or gentamicin can be used as a substitution of streptomycin. There is no available vaccine for the treatment of this infection among human. The control and prevention of the disease is possible by using preventive approaches. Conclusion: The epidemiology of Brucellosis varies in different part of the world. There is an increased changing trend in the treatment and control of infection and there is a crucial need for the advancement in these trends.