BEYOND THE SURFACE: HOW SKIN DISORDERS AFFECT MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a common,multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that can manifestin many ways and varying levels of severity.Research has demonstrated that there is a higher level of inflammation in individuals with ASD,linking it with epidermal dysfunction, most commonly atopic dermatitis and eczema. It has been indicated that there is an upregulation of neuroinflammation and insulin-like growth factors, as well as increased activation of astrocytes in the brain, indicating a sign of chronic inflammation. Additionally, elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines have been observed. In addition to heightened inflammatory pathways, there are elevated challenges when treating patients who have ASD due to behavioral differences and sensory processing difficulties. Individuals with ASD may be rigid in their behaviors, favoring a specific routine with resistance to change. ASD may also come with atypical sensory processing, leading to discomfort with recommended physical exams, procedures, and medications.This intersection creates a feedback loop in which inflammation increases the prevalence of dermatologic conditions, while behavioral and sensory differences complicate treatment; together, these factors ultimately impact psychological well-being, including self-esteem, anxiety, and overall quality of life. Skin discomfort, visible lesions, and social stigma surrounding certain dermatologic conditions can exacerbate anxiety and lower self-esteem. As a provider, it is essential to adapt, welcome open communication, and set boundaries with patients and their families to create a positive impact on patients’ psychosocial development.