HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AND BREAST CANCER RISK: BALANCING BENEFITS AND VIGILANCE

Hormonal contraception represents one of the most significant advancements in reproductive health, offering reliable pregnancy prevention and additional benefits such as menstrual cycle regulation and reduction of certain gynecological cancer risks. However, its potential association with breast cancer has been the focus of ongoing research and debate. Current evidence suggests a modest, reversible increase in breast cancer risk during use, with the magnitude of risk influenced by duration of exposure, hormonal formulation, and genetic susceptibility. Progestin-containing methods, whether combined or progestin-only, appear to play a central role although mechanisms involving progesterone receptor mediated breast cell proliferation. Women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations may face a greater relative risk, though this must be balanced against the substantial protective effect of hormonal contraception against ovarian cancer.Despite these associations, the absolute risk for most women remains low. Clinical decision-making should therefore be individualized, integrating patienthistory, genetic background, and personal preferences, while ensuring clear communication of both potential risks and health benefits.