ISCHEMIC STROKE IN YOUNG ADULTS: EMERGING TRENDS AND RISK FACTORS

Introduction: Ischemic stroke, once predominantly associated with older adults, is increasingly affecting individuals aged 18 50 commonly regarded as the most productive age group in society. This shift poses significant physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. The objective of this study is to investigate the rising incidence of ischemic stroke among young adults, analyze associated risk factors, examine diagnostic challenges, and explore preventive strategies.

Methodology: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Sci-Hub, and Google Scholar using keywords related to ischemic stroke in young adults. Peer reviewed English language articles published between April 2009 and August 2023 were screened. Following title and abstract review, 10 relevant studies were selected for detailed analysis based on predefined inclusion criteria focusing on incidence trends, risk factors, diagnosis, and prevention.

Results: Out of 232 initially identified studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies documented a significant rise in ischemic stroke cases among young adults over recent decades. Three studies highlighted modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and substance use. Two studies addressed diagnostic challenges,emphasizing misdiagnoses or delayed recognition due to the age of patients. Additional studies underscored the lack of awareness and inadequate prevention strategies, especially in low- and middle-income populations. Socioeconomic factors and gender disparities were also identified, with males and economically disadvantaged individuals more frequently affected.