IMPACT DE LUTILISATION ET DE L OCCUPATION DES SOLS SUR LA GESTION DE L EAU DANS UN CONTEXTE DE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE: CAS DE LA ZONE DE M BEWANI (OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI)

This study deals with the impact of land use dynamics on water resource management in the agricultural area of M Bewani. The main objective of the work is to analyze land use changes over a period of 26 years (1997-2023). To achieve this goal, land use maps were produced for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. These were validated with a Kappa Coefficient of 92%, 97% and 96% respectively for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. Between 1997 and 2023, the area of land developed for agriculture increased significantly. In 1997, sugarcane plots and rice plots occupied 5.63% and 8.49% of the study area, respectively, while in 2023, this proportion increased to approximately 20.71% and 21.52%. This expansion was to the detriment of aquatic areas and natural spaces. At the same time, the areas covered by water (2.62%) in 1997 decreased to only 0.59% in 2023, due to the increase in agricultural land and the impacts of climate change on the availability of water resources. Trees and shrubs, once scattered throughout the study area, have experienced a notable increase around irrigation infrastructure. Between 1997 and 2023, vegetation (trees and shrubs) decreased from 23.20% to 22% in these areas, probably related to leaks or water losses in irrigation systems. Another objective is to integrate climate data to understand the evolution of precipitation and water resources over a 32-years period 1992-2023.