ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF 5G NETWORKS AND PROJECTED HEALTH-EXPOSURE CONSIDERATIONS FOR 6G SYSTEMS

A growing population in todays world, the widespread interest in next-generation communication systems concerns their possible effects on public health for future generations. This article reviews the existing knowledge on 5G radio-frequency (RF) exposure impacts on biological mechanisms and evaluates possible health impacts of future 6G technologies. The technological differences between 5G and expected 6G architectures are compared in terms of frequency ranges, net- work topology, beamforming properties, and deployment density. An illustrative visualization is constructed, including the co- evolution of population size from 2000-2020 and global cell-tower expansion and growth. Additionally a predicted visualization of the population size with the expansion of cell towers for the year 2025 was predicted using statistical techniques.Critical exposure zones are identified by estimating population density according to cellular infrastructure. Results demonstrate that existing scientific evidence does not substantiate negative health effects from 5G exposure within international limits; 6G adds new uncertainties from higher frequencies and denser deployments. The paper concludes that ongoing dosimetric research, revision of exposure assessment methods, and good regulatory practice are necessary as wireless technologies advance.